termux_ubuntu 系统配置

2023-12-26 05:56:05

1、添加新用户

由于 termux/ubuntu 默认创建和登录的是 root 用户，root 用户的 home 目录在 /root 下，这个使用起来很不方便，使用 root 用户也不太习惯，有必要创建新用户

# 创建新用户
useradd -d /home/new_user_name -m new_user_nem	# 新用户 home 目录是 /home/new_user_name，新用户用户名是 -m 后的 new_user_name

# 切户到新建的用户
su new_user_name
cd	# 进入 new_user_name 的 home 目录
# 设置新用户密码
passwd new_user_name
whoami	# 查看当前用户

2、安装图形桌面

桌面环境没什么额外的用途，只是徒增资源消耗，就不装了。大部分的开发需求都可以通过在电脑安装的 vscode 使用 ssh 远程连接满足

3、环境配置

  • 切换 shell 为 bash

    termux 默认使用 sh shell，使用起来会很不习惯，可以切换为习惯的 shell

    # 查看当前 shell
echo $SHELL	# 通用
echo $0		# 部分 shell 不支持

# 查看系统中安装了哪些shell
cat /etc/shells
# termux ubuntu 一般默认有 /bin/sh /bin/bash /bin/rbash /bin/dash 等 shell

# 通过修改 /etc/passwd文件来修改用户的默认 shell
vim /etc/passwd
# 把文件中对应用户的那一行最后的 shell 修改为目标 shell
# 重新登录用户即可

  • 更换镜像源（在 termux ubuntu 中不需要在更换源，更换后可能会导致装软件的时候无法定位到对应的包）

    # 备份镜像源列表
cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bk
# 编辑镜像源列表文件，这里替换的是中科大的镜像源
#  中科大源
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

# 国内的其他源
#  阿里源
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

 # 清华源
 deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
 deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
 deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
 deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
 deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
 deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
 deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
 deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
 deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
 deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

#deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTS _Focal Fossa_ - Release amd64 (20210819)]/ focal main restricted

# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted

## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal universe
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal universe
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates universe
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates universe

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu 
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to 
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in 
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal multiverse
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal multiverse
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates multiverse
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates multiverse

## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse

## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
## 'partner' repository.
## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the
## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.
# deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu focal partner
# deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu focal partner

deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security main restricted
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security main restricted
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security universe
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security universe
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security multiverse
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security multiverse

# This system was installed using small removable media
# (e.g. netinst, live or single CD). The matching "deb cdrom"
# entries were disabled at the end of the installation process.
# For information about how to configure apt package sources,
# see the sources.list(5) manual.

  • a wrong operation

    当使用新添加的用户使用 apt 安装软件的时候，可能会出现报错

    这个可能和 termux 对多用户支持不好有关，因此还是不要使用新用户了，避免掉进其他的坑，直接使用 root 吧

    使用 root 安装软件则没有这个问题

  • 更新 pip 源

    # 注意使用 root 用户
cd
mkdir .pip
vim ~/.pip/pip.conf
# 文件中添加内容
[global]
index-url = http://pypi.douban.com/simple
[install]
trusted-host=pypi.douban.com

  • 常用工具安装

    • sudo apt install net-tools

    • sudo apt install gcc

    • sudo apt install g++

    • sudo apt install cmake

    • apt install pipx

      安装这个包的原因主要是在使用 pip 安装 python 包的时候，可能会有报错

      安装完 pipx 之后，将其添加到 PATHpipx ensurepath

      接下来就可以使用 pipx install package_nme来安装 python 包

      另外，也可以强行安装

      pip install --upgrade  --force-reinstall package_name --break-system-packages

文章来源:https://blog.csdn.net/qq_38342510/article/details/135211427
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