How to redirct stdout and stderr with command line
To redirect the standard output (stdout) and standard error (stderr) of a command from the command line, you can use the following techniques:
-
Redirect stdout to a file:
command > output.txt
This command will execute
command
and redirect its stdout to theoutput.txt
file. If the file doesn’t exist, it will be created. If it already exists, the new output will overwrite the existing content. -
Append stdout to a file:
command >> output.txt
This command will execute
command
and append its stdout to theoutput.txt
file. If the file doesn’t exist, it will be created. If it already exists, the new output will be appended to the existing content. -
Redirect stderr to a file:
command 2> error.txt
This command will execute
command
and redirect its stderr to theerror.txt
file. If the file doesn’t exist, it will be created. If it already exists, the new error output will overwrite the existing content. -
Redirect both stdout and stderr to a file:
command > output.txt 2> error.txt
This command will execute
command
and redirect its stdout to theoutput.txt
file, and its stderr to theerror.txt
file. Each output will be stored in a separate file. -
Redirect stdout and stderr to the same file:
command > output.txt 2>&1
This command will execute
command
and redirect both its stdout and stderr to theoutput.txt
file. The2>&1
notation redirects stderr to the same location as stdout. -
Discard stdout and stderr:
command > /dev/null 2>&1
This command will execute
command
and discard both its stdout and stderr. The> /dev/null
redirects stdout to/dev/null
, and2>&1
redirects stderr to the same location, effectively discarding both outputs.
Remember to replace command
with the actual command you want to execute, and output.txt
and error.txt
with the desired file names or paths.
By using these redirection techniques, you can control where the stdout and stderr of a command are directed, allowing you to capture, discard, or separate the outputs as needed.
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