【PostgreSQL】从零开始:（七）PostgreSQL-Initdb命令初始化数据库

概述

initdb是PostgreSQL初始化数据库的工具，用来生成PostgreSQL的Data目录结构

使用initdb?创建数据库集群时，会自动初始化区域设置支持。?initdb?默认情况下将使用其执行环境的区域设置来初始化数据库集群，因此，如果您的系统已设置为在数据库集群中使用您想要的区域设置，那么您不需要其他任何东西去做。如果您想使用不同的区域设置（或者您不确定系统设置为哪个区域设置），您可以通过指定?initdb?使用哪个区域设置4>选项。例如：--locale

命令

initdb initializes a PostgreSQL database cluster.

Usage:
  initdb [OPTION]... [DATADIR]

Options:
  -A, --auth=METHOD         default authentication method for local connections
      --auth-host=METHOD    default authentication method for local TCP/IP connections
      --auth-local=METHOD   default authentication method for local-socket connections
 [-D, --pgdata=]DATADIR     location for this database cluster
  -E, --encoding=ENCODING   set default encoding for new databases
  -g, --allow-group-access  allow group read/execute on data directory
      --icu-locale=LOCALE   set ICU locale ID for new databases
      --icu-rules=RULES     set additional ICU collation rules for new databases
  -k, --data-checksums      use data page checksums
      --locale=LOCALE       set default locale for new databases
      --lc-collate=, --lc-ctype=, --lc-messages=LOCALE
      --lc-monetary=, --lc-numeric=, --lc-time=LOCALE
                            set default locale in the respective category for
                            new databases (default taken from environment)
      --no-locale           equivalent to --locale=C
      --locale-provider={libc|icu}
                            set default locale provider for new databases
      --pwfile=FILE         read password for the new superuser from file
  -T, --text-search-config=CFG
                            default text search configuration
  -U, --username=NAME       database superuser name
  -W, --pwprompt            prompt for a password for the new superuser
  -X, --waldir=WALDIR       location for the write-ahead log directory
      --wal-segsize=SIZE    size of WAL segments, in megabytes

Less commonly used options:
  -c, --set NAME=VALUE      override default setting for server parameter
  -d, --debug               generate lots of debugging output
      --discard-caches      set debug_discard_caches=1
  -L DIRECTORY              where to find the input files
  -n, --no-clean            do not clean up after errors
  -N, --no-sync             do not wait for changes to be written safely to disk
      --no-instructions     do not print instructions for next steps
  -s, --show                show internal settings
  -S, --sync-only           only sync database files to disk, then exit

Other options:
  -V, --version             output version information, then exit
  -?, --help                show this help, then exit

If the data directory is not specified, the environment variable PGDATA
is used.

Report bugs to <pgsql-bugs@lists.postgresql.org>.
PostgreSQL home page: <https://www.postgresql.org/>
[postgres@postgre-sql ~]$ 

参数

测试

[postgres@postgre-sql ~]$ initdb -U postgres -D /data/16.1/data2 --pwfile=<(printf "%s" "12345678ab")
The files belonging to this database system will be owned by user "postgres".
This user must also own the server process.

The database cluster will be initialized with locale "zh_CN.UTF-8".
The default database encoding has accordingly been set to "UTF8".
initdb: could not find suitable text search configuration for locale "zh_CN.UTF-8"
The default text search configuration will be set to "simple".

Data page checksums are disabled.

creating directory /data/16.1/data2 ... ok
creating subdirectories ... ok
selecting dynamic shared memory implementation ... posix
selecting default max_connections ... 100
selecting default shared_buffers ... 128MB
selecting default time zone ... Asia/Shanghai
creating configuration files ... ok
running bootstrap script ... ok
performing post-bootstrap initialization ... ok
syncing data to disk ... ok

initdb: warning: enabling "trust" authentication for local connections
initdb: hint: You can change this by editing pg_hba.conf or using the option -A, or --auth-local and --auth-host, the next time you run initdb.

Success. You can now start the database server using:

    pg_ctl -D /data/16.1/data2 -l logfile start

[postgres@postgre-sql ~]$