FFmpeg的AVOutputFormat

还是和前文一样，先把架构勾勒出来，后期慢慢讲一下代码流程，可以进行各类网络协议的推流，各类容器的封装

结构体

其实就一些回调函数，看到priv_data_size没，这个指向了AVFormatContext的priv_data

typedef struct AVOutputFormat {
    const char *name;
    /**
     * Descriptive name for the format, meant to be more human-readable
     * than name. You should use the NULL_IF_CONFIG_SMALL() macro
     * to define it.
     */
    const char *long_name;
    const char *mime_type;
    const char *extensions; /**< comma-separated filename extensions */
    /* output support */
    enum AVCodecID audio_codec;    /**< default audio codec */
    enum AVCodecID video_codec;    /**< default video codec */
    enum AVCodecID subtitle_codec; /**< default subtitle codec */
    /**
     * can use flags: AVFMT_NOFILE, AVFMT_NEEDNUMBER,
     * AVFMT_GLOBALHEADER, AVFMT_NOTIMESTAMPS, AVFMT_VARIABLE_FPS,
     * AVFMT_NODIMENSIONS, AVFMT_NOSTREAMS, AVFMT_ALLOW_FLUSH,
     * AVFMT_TS_NONSTRICT, AVFMT_TS_NEGATIVE
     */
    int flags;

    /**
     * List of supported codec_id-codec_tag pairs, ordered by "better
     * choice first". The arrays are all terminated by AV_CODEC_ID_NONE.
     */
    const struct AVCodecTag * const *codec_tag;


    const AVClass *priv_class; ///< AVClass for the private context

    /*****************************************************************
     * No fields below this line are part of the public API. They
     * may not be used outside of libavformat and can be changed and
     * removed at will.
     * New public fields should be added right above.
     *****************************************************************
     */
    /**
     * size of private data so that it can be allocated in the wrapper
     */
    int priv_data_size;

    /**
     * Internal flags. See FF_FMT_FLAG_* in internal.h.
     */
    int flags_internal;

    int (*write_header)(struct AVFormatContext *);
    /**
     * Write a packet. If AVFMT_ALLOW_FLUSH is set in flags,
     * pkt can be NULL in order to flush data buffered in the muxer.
     * When flushing, return 0 if there still is more data to flush,
     * or 1 if everything was flushed and there is no more buffered
     * data.
     */
    int (*write_packet)(struct AVFormatContext *, AVPacket *pkt);
    int (*write_trailer)(struct AVFormatContext *);
    /**
     * A format-specific function for interleavement.
     * If unset, packets will be interleaved by dts.
     *
     * @param s           An AVFormatContext for output. pkt will be added to
     *                    resp. taken from its packet buffer.
     * @param[in,out] pkt A packet to be interleaved if has_packet is set;
     *                    also used to return packets. If no packet is returned
     *                    (e.g. on error), pkt is blank on return.
     * @param flush       1 if no further packets are available as input and
     *                    all remaining packets should be output.
     * @param has_packet  If set, pkt contains a packet to be interleaved
     *                    on input; otherwise pkt is blank on input.
     * @return 1 if a packet was output, 0 if no packet could be output,
     *         < 0 if an error occurred
     */
    int (*interleave_packet)(struct AVFormatContext *s, AVPacket *pkt,
                             int flush, int has_packet);
    /**
     * Test if the given codec can be stored in this container.
     *
     * @return 1 if the codec is supported, 0 if it is not.
     *         A negative number if unknown.
     *         MKTAG('A', 'P', 'I', 'C') if the codec is only supported as AV_DISPOSITION_ATTACHED_PIC
     */
    int (*query_codec)(enum AVCodecID id, int std_compliance);

    void (*get_output_timestamp)(struct AVFormatContext *s, int stream,
                                 int64_t *dts, int64_t *wall);
    /**
     * Allows sending messages from application to device.
     */
    int (*control_message)(struct AVFormatContext *s, int type,
                           void *data, size_t data_size);

    /**
     * Write an uncoded AVFrame.
     *
     * See av_write_uncoded_frame() for details.
     *
     * The library will free *frame afterwards, but the muxer can prevent it
     * by setting the pointer to NULL.
     */
    int (*write_uncoded_frame)(struct AVFormatContext *, int stream_index,
                               AVFrame **frame, unsigned flags);
    /**
     * Returns device list with it properties.
     * @see avdevice_list_devices() for more details.
     */
    int (*get_device_list)(struct AVFormatContext *s, struct AVDeviceInfoList *device_list);
    enum AVCodecID data_codec; /**< default data codec */
    /**
     * Initialize format. May allocate data here, and set any AVFormatContext or
     * AVStream parameters that need to be set before packets are sent.
     * This method must not write output.
     *
     * Return 0 if streams were fully configured, 1 if not, negative AVERROR on failure
     *
     * Any allocations made here must be freed in deinit().
     */
    int (*init)(struct AVFormatContext *);
    /**
     * Deinitialize format. If present, this is called whenever the muxer is being
     * destroyed, regardless of whether or not the header has been written.
     *
     * If a trailer is being written, this is called after write_trailer().
     *
     * This is called if init() fails as well.
     */
    void (*deinit)(struct AVFormatContext *);
    /**
     * Set up any necessary bitstream filtering and extract any extra data needed
     * for the global header.
     *
     * @note pkt might have been directly forwarded by a meta-muxer; therefore
     *       pkt->stream_index as well as the pkt's timebase might be invalid.
     * Return 0 if more packets from this stream must be checked; 1 if not.
     */
    int (*check_bitstream)(struct AVFormatContext *s, struct AVStream *st,
                           const AVPacket *pkt);
} AVOutputFormat;

操作函数

核心代码其实就三四个

/**
 * Allocate the stream private data and write the stream header to
 * an output media file.
 *
 * @param s Media file handle, must be allocated with avformat_alloc_context().
 *          Its oformat field must be set to the desired output format;
 *          Its pb field must be set to an already opened AVIOContext.
 * @param options  An AVDictionary filled with AVFormatContext and muxer-private options.
 *                 On return this parameter will be destroyed and replaced with a dict containing
 *                 options that were not found. May be NULL.
 *
 * @return AVSTREAM_INIT_IN_WRITE_HEADER on success if the codec had not already been fully initialized in avformat_init,
 *         AVSTREAM_INIT_IN_INIT_OUTPUT  on success if the codec had already been fully initialized in avformat_init,
 *         negative AVERROR on failure.
 *
 * @see av_opt_find, av_dict_set, avio_open, av_oformat_next, avformat_init_output.
 */
av_warn_unused_result
int avformat_write_header(AVFormatContext *s, AVDictionary **options);

/**
 * Allocate the stream private data and initialize the codec, but do not write the header.
 * May optionally be used before avformat_write_header to initialize stream parameters
 * before actually writing the header.
 * If using this function, do not pass the same options to avformat_write_header.
 *
 * @param s Media file handle, must be allocated with avformat_alloc_context().
 *          Its oformat field must be set to the desired output format;
 *          Its pb field must be set to an already opened AVIOContext.
 * @param options  An AVDictionary filled with AVFormatContext and muxer-private options.
 *                 On return this parameter will be destroyed and replaced with a dict containing
 *                 options that were not found. May be NULL.
 *
 * @return AVSTREAM_INIT_IN_WRITE_HEADER on success if the codec requires avformat_write_header to fully initialize,
 *         AVSTREAM_INIT_IN_INIT_OUTPUT  on success if the codec has been fully initialized,
 *         negative AVERROR on failure.
 *
 * @see av_opt_find, av_dict_set, avio_open, av_oformat_next, avformat_write_header.
 */
av_warn_unused_result
int avformat_init_output(AVFormatContext *s, AVDictionary **options);

/**
 * Write a packet to an output media file.
 *
 * This function passes the packet directly to the muxer, without any buffering
 * or reordering. The caller is responsible for correctly interleaving the
 * packets if the format requires it. Callers that want libavformat to handle
 * the interleaving should call av_interleaved_write_frame() instead of this
 * function.
 *
 * @param s media file handle
 * @param pkt The packet containing the data to be written. Note that unlike
 *            av_interleaved_write_frame(), this function does not take
 *            ownership of the packet passed to it (though some muxers may make
 *            an internal reference to the input packet).
 *            <br>
 *            This parameter can be NULL (at any time, not just at the end), in
 *            order to immediately flush data buffered within the muxer, for
 *            muxers that buffer up data internally before writing it to the
 *            output.
 *            <br>
 *            Packet's @ref AVPacket.stream_index "stream_index" field must be
 *            set to the index of the corresponding stream in @ref
 *            AVFormatContext.streams "s->streams".
 *            <br>
 *            The timestamps (@ref AVPacket.pts "pts", @ref AVPacket.dts "dts")
 *            must be set to correct values in the stream's timebase (unless the
 *            output format is flagged with the AVFMT_NOTIMESTAMPS flag, then
 *            they can be set to AV_NOPTS_VALUE).
 *            The dts for subsequent packets passed to this function must be strictly
 *            increasing when compared in their respective timebases (unless the
 *            output format is flagged with the AVFMT_TS_NONSTRICT, then they
 *            merely have to be nondecreasing).  @ref AVPacket.duration
 *            "duration") should also be set if known.
 * @return < 0 on error, = 0 if OK, 1 if flushed and there is no more data to flush
 *
 * @see av_interleaved_write_frame()
 */
int av_write_frame(AVFormatContext *s, AVPacket *pkt);

/**
 * Write a packet to an output media file ensuring correct interleaving.
 *
 * This function will buffer the packets internally as needed to make sure the
 * packets in the output file are properly interleaved, usually ordered by
 * increasing dts. Callers doing their own interleaving should call
 * av_write_frame() instead of this function.
 *
 * Using this function instead of av_write_frame() can give muxers advance
 * knowledge of future packets, improving e.g. the behaviour of the mp4
 * muxer for VFR content in fragmenting mode.
 *
 * @param s media file handle
 * @param pkt The packet containing the data to be written.
 *            <br>
 *            If the packet is reference-counted, this function will take
 *            ownership of this reference and unreference it later when it sees
 *            fit. If the packet is not reference-counted, libavformat will
 *            make a copy.
 *            The returned packet will be blank (as if returned from
 *            av_packet_alloc()), even on error.
 *            <br>
 *            This parameter can be NULL (at any time, not just at the end), to
 *            flush the interleaving queues.
 *            <br>
 *            Packet's @ref AVPacket.stream_index "stream_index" field must be
 *            set to the index of the corresponding stream in @ref
 *            AVFormatContext.streams "s->streams".
 *            <br>
 *            The timestamps (@ref AVPacket.pts "pts", @ref AVPacket.dts "dts")
 *            must be set to correct values in the stream's timebase (unless the
 *            output format is flagged with the AVFMT_NOTIMESTAMPS flag, then
 *            they can be set to AV_NOPTS_VALUE).
 *            The dts for subsequent packets in one stream must be strictly
 *            increasing (unless the output format is flagged with the
 *            AVFMT_TS_NONSTRICT, then they merely have to be nondecreasing).
 *            @ref AVPacket.duration "duration" should also be set if known.
 *
 * @return 0 on success, a negative AVERROR on error.
 *
 * @see av_write_frame(), AVFormatContext.max_interleave_delta
 */
int av_interleaved_write_frame(AVFormatContext *s, AVPacket *pkt);

/**
 * Write the stream trailer to an output media file and free the
 * file private data.
 *
 * May only be called after a successful call to avformat_write_header.
 *
 * @param s media file handle
 * @return 0 if OK, AVERROR_xxx on error
 */
int av_write_trailer(AVFormatContext *s);

下面这个单独列出来，如果你是想要保存yuv这压根的罗六，可以看看这两个接口

/**
 * Write an uncoded frame to an output media file.
 *
 * The frame must be correctly interleaved according to the container
 * specification; if not, av_interleaved_write_uncoded_frame() must be used.
 *
 * See av_interleaved_write_uncoded_frame() for details.
 */
int av_write_uncoded_frame(AVFormatContext *s, int stream_index,
                           AVFrame *frame);

/**
 * Write an uncoded frame to an output media file.
 *
 * If the muxer supports it, this function makes it possible to write an AVFrame
 * structure directly, without encoding it into a packet.
 * It is mostly useful for devices and similar special muxers that use raw
 * video or PCM data and will not serialize it into a byte stream.
 *
 * To test whether it is possible to use it with a given muxer and stream,
 * use av_write_uncoded_frame_query().
 *
 * The caller gives up ownership of the frame and must not access it
 * afterwards.
 *
 * @return  >=0 for success, a negative code on error
 */
int av_interleaved_write_uncoded_frame(AVFormatContext *s, int stream_index,
                                       AVFrame *frame);

/**
 * Test whether a muxer supports uncoded frame.
 *
 * @return  >=0 if an uncoded frame can be written to that muxer and stream,
 *          <0 if not
 */
int av_write_uncoded_frame_query(AVFormatContext *s, int stream_index);