华为二层交换机与防火墙配置实例

2023-12-22 17:24:16

二层交换机与防火墙对接上网配置示例

组网图形

图1?二层交换机与防火墙对接上网组网图

  • 二层交换机简介
  • 配置注意事项
  • 组网需求
  • 配置思路
  • 操作步骤
  • 配置文件
  • 相关信息

二层交换机简介

二层交换机指的是仅能够进行二层转发，不能进行三层转发的交换机。也就是说仅支持二层特性，不支持路由等三层特性的交换机。

二层交换机一般部署在接入层，不能作为用户的网关。

配置注意事项

本举例中的交换机配置适用于S系列交换机所有产品的所有版本。

本举例中的防火墙配置以USG6650 V500R001C60为例，其他防火墙的配置方法请参见对应的文档指南。

组网需求

如图1所示，某公司拥有多个部门且位于不同网段，各部门均有访问Internet的需求。现要求用户通过二层交换机和防火墙访问外部网络，且要求防火墙作为用户的网关。

配置思路

采用如下思路进行配置：

  1. 配置交换机基于接口划分VLAN，实现二层转发。

  2. 配置防火墙作为用户的网关，通过子接口或VLANIF接口实现跨网段的三层转发。

  3. 配置防火墙作为DHCP服务器，为用户PC分配IP地址。

  4. 开启防火墙域间安全策略，使不同域的报文可以相互转发。

  5. 配置防火墙PAT功能，使内网用户可以访问外部网络。

操作步骤
  1. 配置交换机

    # 配置下行连接用户的接口。

    <HUAWEI> system-view
[HUAWEI] sysname Switch
[Switch] vlan batch 2 3
[Switch] interface gigabitethernet 0/0/2
[Switch-GigabitEthernet0/0/2] port link-type access   //配置接口接入类型为access
[Switch-GigabitEthernet0/0/2] port default vlan 2   //配置接口加入VLAN 2
[Switch-GigabitEthernet0/0/2] quit
[Switch] interface gigabitethernet 0/0/3
[Switch-GigabitEthernet0/0/3] port link-type access
[Switch-GigabitEthernet0/0/3] port default vlan 3   
[Switch-GigabitEthernet0/0/3] quit

    # 配置上行连接防火墙的接口。

    [Switch] interface gigabitethernet 0/0/1
[Switch-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] port link-type trunk
[Switch-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] port trunk allow-pass vlan 2 3   //配置接口以trunk方式透传VLAN 2和VLAN 3
[Switch-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] quit

  2. 配置防火墙

    防火墙的配置有两种方式，配置子接口或者配置VLANIF接口，两种方式选择其一即可。

    • 配置防火墙通过子接口终结VLAN，实现跨网段的三层转发。

      # 配置终结子接口。

      <USG6600> system-view
[USG6600] interface gigabitethernet 1/0/1.1
[USG6600-GigabitEthernet1/0/1.1] vlan-type dot1q 2   
[USG6600-GigabitEthernet1/0/1.1] ip address 192.168.1.1 24   
[USG6600-GigabitEthernet1/0/1.1] quit
[USG6600] interface gigabitethernet 1/0/1.2
[USG6600-GigabitEthernet1/0/1.2] vlan-type dot1q 3   
[USG6600-GigabitEthernet1/0/1.2] ip address 192.168.2.1 24   
[USG6600-GigabitEthernet1/0/1.2] quit

      # 配置DHCP功能，为内网用户分配IP地址并指定DNS服务器地址。

      [USG6600] dhcp enable
[USG6600] interface gigabitethernet 1/0/1.1
[USG6600-GigabitEthernet1/0/1.1] dhcp select interface   //开启接口采用接口地址池的DHCP Server功能
[USG6600-GigabitEthernet1/0/1.1] dhcp server dns-list 114.114.114.114 223.5.5.5   //配置的DNS-List 114.114.114.114是公用的DNS服务器地址，是不区分运营商的。在实际应用中，请根据运营商分配的DNS进行配置
[USG6600-GigabitEthernet1/0/1.1] quit
[USG6600] interface gigabitethernet 1/0/1.2
[USG6600-GigabitEthernet1/0/1.2] dhcp select interface   
[USG6600-GigabitEthernet1/0/1.2] dhcp server dns-list 114.114.114.114 223.5.5.5   
[USG6600-GigabitEthernet1/0/1.2] quit

      # 配置公网接口的IP地址和静态路由。

      [USG6600] interface gigabitethernet 1/0/2
[USG6600-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] ip address 203.0.113.2 255.255.255.0   //配置连接公网的接口GE0/0/2的IP地址203.0.113.2
[USG6600-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] quit
[USG6600] ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 203.0.113.1   //配置静态缺省路由的下一跳指向公网提供的IP地址203.0.113.1

      # 配置安全区域。

      [USG6600] firewall zone trust   //配置trust域
[USG6600-zone-trust] add interface gigabitethernet 1/0/1
[USG6600-zone-trust] add interface gigabitethernet 1/0/1.1
[USG6600-zone-trust] add interface gigabitethernet 1/0/1.2
[USG6600-zone-trust] quit
[USG6600] firewall zone untrust   //配置untrust域
[USG6600-zone-untrust] add interface gigabitethernet 1/0/2
[USG6600-zone-untrust] quit
      # 配置安全策略，允许域间互访。 
      [USG6600] security-policy
[USG6600-policy-security] rule name policy1
[USG6600-policy-security-rule-policy1] source-zone trust
[USG6600-policy-security-rule-policy1] destination-zone untrust
[USG6600-policy-security-rule-policy1] source-address 192.168.0.0 mask 255.255.0.0
[USG6600-policy-security-rule-policy1] action permit
[USG6600-policy-security-rule-policy1] quit
[USG6600-policy-security] quit
      # 配置PAT地址池，开启允许端口地址转换。 
      [USG6600] nat address-group addressgroup1    
[USG6600-address-group-addressgroup1] mode pat
[USG6600-address-group-addressgroup1] route enable
[USG6600-address-group-addressgroup1] section 0 203.0.113.2 203.0.113.2    //转换的公网IP地址
[USG6600-address-group-addressgroup1] quit
      # 配置源PAT策略，实现私网指定网段访问公网时自动进行源地址转换。 
      [USG6600] nat-policy    
[USG6600-policy-nat] rule name policy_nat1
[USG6600-policy-nat-rule-policy_nat1] source-zone trust
[USG6600-policy-nat-rule-policy_nat1] destination-zone untrust
[USG6600-policy-nat-rule-policy_nat1] source-address 192.168.0.0 mask 255.255.0.0   //允许进行PAT转换的源IP地址
[USG6600-policy-nat-rule-policy_nat1] action nat address-group addressgroup1
[USG6600-policy-nat-rule-policy_nat1] quit
[USG6600-policy-nat] quit
[USG6600] quit

    • 配置防火墙通过配置VLANIF接口，实现跨网段的三层转发。

      # 配置VLANIF接口。

      <USG6600> system-view
[USG6600] vlan batch 2 3
[USG6600] interface gigabitethernet 1/0/1
[USG6600-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] portswitch   //将以太网接口从三层模式切换到二层模式。如果接口已经是二层模式，跳过该步骤
[USG6600-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] port link-type hybrid
[USG6600-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] port hybrid tagged vlan 2 to 3
[USG6600-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] quit
[USG6600] interface vlanif 2
[USG6600-Vlanif2] ip address 192.168.1.1 24   //配置VLANIF2的IP地址作为PC1的网关
[USG6600-Vlanif2] quit
[USG6600] interface vlanif 3
[USG6600-Vlanif3] ip address 192.168.2.1 24   //配置VLANIF3的IP地址作为PC2的网关
[USG6600-Vlanif3] quit

      # 配置DHCP功能。

      [USG6600] dhcp enable
[USG6600] interface vlanif 2
[USG6600-Vlanif2] dhcp select interface
[USG6600-Vlanif2] dhcp server dns-list 114.114.114.114 223.5.5.5   //配置的DNS-List 114.114.114.114是公用的DNS服务器地址，是不区分运营商的。在实际应用中，请根据运营商分配的DNS进行配置
[USG6600-Vlanif2] quit
[USG6600] interface vlanif 3
[USG6600-Vlanif3] dhcp select interface
[USG6600-Vlanif3] dhcp server dns-list 114.114.114.114 223.5.5.5
[USG6600-Vlanif3] quit

      # 配置公网接口的IP地址和静态路由。

      [USG6600] interface gigabitethernet 1/0/2
[USG6600-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] ip address 203.0.113.2 255.255.255.0
[USG6600-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] quit
[USG6600] ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 203.0.113.1   //配置静态缺省路由的下一跳指向公网提供的IP地址203.0.113.1

      # 配置安全区域。

      [USG6600] firewall zone trust
[USG6600-zone-trust] add interface gigabitethernet 1/0/1
[USG6600-zone-trust] add interface vlanif 2
[USG6600-zone-trust] add interface vlanif 3
[USG6600-zone-trust] quit
[USG6600] firewall zone untrust
[USG6600-zone-untrust] add interface gigabitethernet 1/0/2
[USG6600-zone-untrust] quit
      # 配置安全策略，允许域间互访。 
      [USG6600] security-policy
[USG6600-policy-security] rule name policy1
[USG6600-policy-security-rule-policy1] source-zone trust
[USG6600-policy-security-rule-policy1] destination-zone untrust
[USG6600-policy-security-rule-policy1] source-address 192.168.0.0 mask 255.255.0.0
[USG6600-policy-security-rule-policy1] action permit
[USG6600-policy-security-rule-policy1] quit
[USG6600-policy-security] quit
      # 配置PAT地址池，开启允许端口地址转换。 
      [USG6600] nat address-group addressgroup1    
[USG6600-address-group-addressgroup1] mode pat
[USG6600-address-group-addressgroup1] route enable
[USG6600-address-group-addressgroup1] section 0 203.0.113.2 203.0.113.2    //转换的公网IP地址
[USG6600-address-group-addressgroup1] quit
      # 配置源PAT策略，实现私网指定网段访问公网时自动进行源地址转换。 
      [USG6600] nat-policy    
[USG6600-policy-nat] rule name policy_nat1
[USG6600-policy-nat-rule-policy_nat1] source-zone trust
[USG6600-policy-nat-rule-policy_nat1] destination-zone untrust
[USG6600-policy-nat-rule-policy_nat1] source-address 192.168.0.0 mask 255.255.0.0   //允许进行PAT转换的源IP地址
[USG6600-policy-nat-rule-policy_nat1] action nat address-group addressgroup1
[USG6600-policy-nat-rule-policy_nat1] quit
[USG6600-policy-nat] quit
[USG6600] quit

  3. 检查配置结果

    配置PC1的IP地址为192.168.1.2/24，网关为192.168.1.1；PC2的IP地址为192.168.2.2/24，网关为192.168.2.1。

    配置外网PC的IP地址为203.0.113.1/24，网关为203.0.113.2。

    配置完成后，PC1和PC2都可以Ping通外网的IP 203.0.113.1/24，PC1和PC2都可以访问Internet。

配置文件
Switch的配置文件
#
sysname Switch
#
vlan batch 2 to 3
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
 port link-type trunk
 port trunk allow-pass vlan 2 to 3
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2
 port link-type access
 port default vlan 2
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/3
 port link-type access
 port default vlan 3
#
return
USG的配置文件（防火墙通过子接口进行三层转发的配置文件）
#
interface GigabitEthernet1/0/1
#
interface GigabitEthernet1/0/1.1
 vlan-type dot1q 2 
 ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
 dhcp select interface
 dhcp server dns-list 114.114.114.114 223.5.5.5
 #
interface GigabitEthernet1/0/1.2
 vlan-type dot1q 3
 ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
 dhcp select interface
 dhcp server dns-list 114.114.114.114 223.5.5.5
#
interface GigabitEthernet1/0/2
 ip address 203.0.113.2 255.255.255.0
#
firewall zone trust
 set priority 85
 add interface GigabitEthernet1/0/1
 add interface GigabitEthernet1/0/1.1
 add interface GigabitEthernet1/0/1.2
#
firewall zone untrust
 set priority 5
 add interface GigabitEthernet1/0/2
#
 ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 203.0.113.1
#
nat address-group addressgroup1 0 
 mode pat                                                                         route enable                                                                     section 0 203.0.113.2 203.0.113.2    
#
security-policy                                                                 
 rule name policy1                                                              
  source-zone trust                                                             
  destination-zone untrust                                                      
  source-address 192.168.0.0 mask 255.255.0.0                                   
  action permit   
#
nat-policy                                                                      
 rule name policy_nat1                                                          
  source-zone trust                                                             
  destination-zone untrust                                                      
  source-address 192.168.0.0 mask 255.255.0.0                                   
  action nat address-group addressgroup1                                 
#  
return
USG的配置文件（防火墙通过VLANIF接口进行三层转发的配置文件）
#
 vlan batch 2 to 3
#
interface Vlanif2
 ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0                                           
 dhcp server dns-list 114.114.114.114 223.5.5.5 
#
interface Vlanif3
 ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0                                           
 dhcp select interface                                                          
 dhcp server dns-list 114.114.114.114 223.5.5.5
#
interface GigabitEthernet1/0/1
 portswitch
 port hybrid tagged vlan 2 to 3
#
interface GigabitEthernet1/0/2
 ip address 203.0.113.2 255.255.255.0
#
firewall zone trust
 set priority 85
 add interface GigabitEthernet1/0/1
 add interface Vlanif2
 add interface Vlanif3
#
firewall zone untrust
 set priority 5
 add interface GigabitEthernet1/0/2
#jja
 ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 203.0.113.1
#
nat address-group addressgroup1 0 
 mode pat                                                                       
 route enable                                                                   
 section 0 203.0.113.2 203.0.113.2    
#
security-policy                                                                 
 rule name policy1                                                              
  source-zone trust                                                             
  destination-zone untrust                                                      
  source-address 192.168.0.0 mask 255.255.0.0                                   
  action permit   
#
nat-policy                                                                      
 rule name policy_nat1                                                          
  source-zone trust                                                             
  destination-zone untrust                                                      
  source-address 192.168.0.0 mask 255.255.0.0                                   
  action nat address-group addressgroup1                                 
# 
return

文章来源:https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_59383576/article/details/135154569
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