Ubuntu18.04使用SCP协议进行文件传输

2023-12-20 19:51:46

Ubuntu18.04使用SCP协议进行文件传输

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前言

前提条件

相关介绍

  • Secure Copy Protocol (SCP) 是一种用于在网络上安全传输文件的协议，基于SSH（Secure Shell）协议来传输文件，因此可以保证文件在传输过程中的安全性。它使用SSH加密技术来保证数据在传输过程中的安全性，因此通常需要向远端主机发送凭证才能成功复制数据。
  • SCP的优点有：
    • 安全性：SCP基于SSH协议，支持数据加密和身份验证，可以保证数据在传输过程中的安全性。
    • 简易性：SCP使用单一命令完成传输，操作简单，方便使用。
    • 高可靠性：SCP使用校验和防止数据损坏，保证了数据的完整性。
    • 强兼容性：SCP适用于几乎所有操作系统，具有很好的兼容性。
  • SCP也存在一些缺点：
    • 对于大量数据的传输，SCP可能会出现性能问题。
    • SCP需要向远端主机发送凭证，如果频繁使用SCP进行文件传输，可能会出现性能瓶颈。
  • SCP的详细语法如下：
scp [options] [user@]SRC_HOST:]file1 [user@]DEST_HOST:]file2
  • 其中，[options]是可选项，用于指定SCP命令的参数；[user@]SRC_HOST:]file1表示源文件所在的计算机和文件名；[user@]DEST_HOST:]file2表示目标文件所在的计算机和文件名。
  • 以下是一些常用的SCP命令选项：
    • -r：递归复制整个目录。
    • -P：指定端口号。
    • -i：指定用于身份验证的密钥文件。
    • -p：保留文件的权限和时间戳。
    • -v：显示详细输出。
SCP(1)                    BSD General Commands Manual                   SCP(1)

NAME
     scp — secure copy (remote file copy program)

SYNOPSIS
     scp [-346BCpqrTv] [-c cipher] [-F ssh_config] [-i identity_file]
         [-l limit] [-o ssh_option] [-P port] [-S program]
         [[user@]host1:]file1 ... [[user@]host2:]file2

DESCRIPTION
     scp copies files between hosts on a network.  It uses ssh(1) for data
     transfer, and uses the same authentication and provides the same security
     as ssh(1).  scp will ask for passwords or passphrases if they are needed
     for authentication.

     File names may contain a user and host specification to indicate that the
     file is to be copied to/from that host.  Local file names can be made
     explicit using absolute or relative pathnames to avoid scp treating file
     names containing ‘:’ as host specifiers.  Copies between two remote hosts
     are also permitted.

     The options are as follows:

     -3      Copies between two remote hosts are transferred through the local
             host.  Without this option the data is copied directly between
             the two remote hosts.  Note that this option disables the
             progress meter.

     -4      Forces scp to use IPv4 addresses only.

     -6      Forces scp to use IPv6 addresses only.

     -B      Selects batch mode (prevents asking for passwords or
             passphrases).

     -C      Compression enable.  Passes the -C flag to ssh(1) to enable com‐
             pression.

     -c cipher
             Selects the cipher to use for encrypting the data transfer.  This
             option is directly passed to ssh(1).

     -F ssh_config
             Specifies an alternative per-user configuration file for ssh.
             This option is directly passed to ssh(1).

     -i identity_file
             Selects the file from which the identity (private key) for public
             key authentication is read.  This option is directly passed to
             ssh(1).

     -l limit
             Limits the used bandwidth, specified in Kbit/s.

     -o ssh_option
             Can be used to pass options to ssh in the format used in
             ssh_config(5).  This is useful for specifying options for which
             there is no separate scp command-line flag.  For full details of
             the options listed below, and their possible values, see
             ssh_config(5).

                   AddressFamily
                   BatchMode
                   BindAddress
                   CanonicalDomains
                   CanonicalizeFallbackLocal
                   CanonicalizeHostname
                   CanonicalizeMaxDots
                   CanonicalizePermittedCNAMEs
                   CertificateFile
                   ChallengeResponseAuthentication
                   CheckHostIP
                   Ciphers
                   Compression
                   ConnectionAttempts
                   ConnectTimeout
                   ControlMaster
                   ControlPath
                   ControlPersist
                   GlobalKnownHostsFile
                   GSSAPIAuthentication
                   GSSAPIDelegateCredentials
                   HashKnownHosts
                   Host
                   HostbasedAuthentication
                   HostbasedKeyTypes
                   HostKeyAlgorithms
                   HostKeyAlias
                   HostName
                   IdentitiesOnly
                   IdentityAgent
                   IdentityFile
                   IPQoS
                   KbdInteractiveAuthentication
                   KbdInteractiveDevices
                   KexAlgorithms
                   LogLevel
                   MACs
                   NoHostAuthenticationForLocalhost
                   NumberOfPasswordPrompts
                   PasswordAuthentication
                   PKCS11Provider
                   Port
                   PreferredAuthentications
                   ProxyCommand
                   ProxyJump
                   PubkeyAcceptedKeyTypes
                   PubkeyAuthentication
                   RekeyLimit
                   SendEnv
                   ServerAliveInterval
                   ServerAliveCountMax
                   StrictHostKeyChecking
                   TCPKeepAlive
                   UpdateHostKeys
                   UsePrivilegedPort
                   User
                   UserKnownHostsFile
                   VerifyHostKeyDNS

     -P port
             Specifies the port to connect to on the remote host.  Note that
             this option is written with a capital ‘P’, because -p is already
             reserved for preserving the times and modes of the file.

     -p      Preserves modification times, access times, and modes from the
             original file.

     -q      Quiet mode: disables the progress meter as well as warning and
             diagnostic messages from ssh(1).

     -r      Recursively copy entire directories.  Note that scp follows sym‐
             bolic links encountered in the tree traversal.

     -S program
             Name of program to use for the encrypted connection.  The program
             must understand ssh(1) options.

     -T      Disable strict filename checking.  By default when copying files
             from a remote host to a local directory scp checks that the
             received filenames match those requested on the command-line to
             prevent the remote end from sending unexpected or unwanted files.
             Because of differences in how various operating systems and
             shells interpret filename wildcards, these checks may cause
             wanted files to be rejected.  This option disables these checks
             at the expense of fully trusting that the server will not send
             unexpected filenames.

     -v      Verbose mode.  Causes scp and ssh(1) to print debugging messages
             about their progress.  This is helpful in debugging connection,
             authentication, and configuration problems.

EXIT STATUS
     The scp utility exits 0 on success, and >0 if an error occurs.

SEE ALSO
     sftp(1), ssh(1), ssh-add(1), ssh-agent(1), ssh-keygen(1), ssh_config(5),
     sshd(8)

HISTORY
     scp is based on the rcp program in BSD source code from the Regents of
     the University of California.

AUTHORS
     Timo Rinne <tri@iki.fi>
     Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>

BSD                               May 3, 2017                              BSD

实验环境

  • Ubuntu 18.04

使用SCP协议进行文件传输

scp [options] [user@]SRC_HOST:]file1 [user@]DEST_HOST:]file2
  • 其中，[options]是可选项，用于指定SCP命令的参数；[user@]SRC_HOST:]file1表示源文件所在的计算机和文件名；[user@]DEST_HOST:]file2表示目标文件所在的计算机和文件名。
  • 以下是一些常用的SCP命令选项：
    • -r：递归复制整个目录。
    • -P：指定端口号。
    • -i：指定用于身份验证的密钥文件。
    • -p：保留文件的权限和时间戳。
    • -v：显示详细输出。

从本地主机将文件传输到目标主机

scp [本地文件的路径] [目标主机用户名]@[目标主机ip地址]:[目标主机上存放文件的路径]

scp test.txt user@DEST_HOST:/home/user/test_directory

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从本地主机将文件夹传输到目标主机

scp -r [本地文件夹的路径] [目标主机用户名]@[目标主机ip地址]:[目标主机上存放文件的路径]

scp -r test_directory user@DEST_HOST:/home/user/test_directory

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将目标主机上的文件传输到本地主机

scp [目标主机用户名]@[目标主机ip地址]:[目标主机上存放文件的路径] [本地主机上存放文件的路径]

scp user@DEST_HOST:/home/user/test_directory/test.txt test.txt

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将目标主机上的文件夹传输到本地主机

scp -r [目标主机用户名]@[目标主机ip地址]:[目标主机上存放文件的路径] [本地主机上存放文件的路径]

scp -r user@DEST_HOST:/home/user/test_directory test_directory

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文章来源:https://blog.csdn.net/FriendshipTang/article/details/135111031
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