docker-ubuntu中基于keepalived+niginx模拟主从热备完整过程

2023-12-14 12:33:27

一、环境准备

🔗在Ubuntu中安装docker

二、主机

1、环境搭建

1.1 镜像拉取

docker pull ubuntu:16.04

1.2 创建网桥

docker network create -d=bridge --subnet=192.168.126.0/24 br1

1.3 启动容器

docker run -it --name ubuntu-1 --privileged -v /home/vac/linux:/mnt/software -p 8801:80 --net=br1 ubuntu:16.04 bash

1.4 下载工具包

先更新以下

apt update

ifconfig、route命令使用的net-tools工具包

apt -y install net-tools

vim编辑器

apt -y install vim

ping命令工具包

apt -y install iputils-ping

1.5 下载nginx

apt -y install nginx

1.6 下载keepalived

apt -y install keepalived

2、配置

2.1 配置keepalived

编辑keepalived.conf文件

vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

输入以下内容

! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   #路由id:当前安装keepalived节点主机的标识符,全局唯一
   router_id keep_130
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    # 表示的状态,当前的130服务器为nginx的主节点,MASTER/BACKUP
    state MASTER
    # 当前实例绑定的网卡
    interface eth0
    # 保证主备节点一致
    virtual_router_id 51
    # 优先级/权重,谁的优先级高,在MASTER挂掉以后,就能成为MASTER
    priority 100
    # 主备之间同步检查的时间间隔,默认1s
    advert_int 1
    # 认证授权的密码,防止非法节点的进入
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.200.16
    }
}

2.2 配置nginx

2.2.1 查看nginx.conf

输入命令

vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

内容如下

user www-data;
worker_processes auto;
pid /run/nginx.pid;

events {
        worker_connections 768;
        # multi_accept on;
}

http {

        ##
        # Basic Settings
        ##

        sendfile on;
        tcp_nopush on;
        tcp_nodelay on;
        keepalive_timeout 65;
        types_hash_max_size 2048;
        # server_tokens off;

        # server_names_hash_bucket_size 64;
        # server_name_in_redirect off;

        include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
        default_type application/octet-stream;

        ##
        # SSL Settings
        ##

        ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2; # Dropping SSLv3, ref: POODLE
        ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;

        ##
        # Logging Settings
        ##

        access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log;
        error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;

        ##
        # Gzip Settings
        ##

        gzip on;
        gzip_disable "msie6";

        # gzip_vary on;
        # gzip_proxied any;
        # gzip_comp_level 6;
        # gzip_buffers 16 8k;
        # gzip_http_version 1.1;
        # gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript;

        ##
        # Virtual Host Configs
        ##

        include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
        include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*;
}


#mail {
#       # See sample authentication script at:
#       # http://wiki.nginx.org/ImapAuthenticateWithApachePhpScript
# 
#       # auth_http localhost/auth.php;
#       # pop3_capabilities "TOP" "USER";
#       # imap_capabilities "IMAP4rev1" "UIDPLUS";
# 
#       server {
#               listen     localhost:110;
#               protocol   pop3;
#               proxy      on;
#       }
# 
#       server {
#               listen     localhost:143;
#               protocol   imap;
#               proxy      on;
#       }
#}
2.2.2 修改index.html

输入命令

vim /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html

输入以下内容

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
    body {
        width: 35em;
        margin: 0 auto;
        font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
    }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!(192.168.126.2)</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>

<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>

<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>

3、启动

3.1 启动nginx

输入命令

nginx

3.2 启动keepalived

keepalived -l -f /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

4、状态查看

4.1 查看nginx状态

输入命令

service nginx status

打印返回

 * nginx is running

4.2 查看keepalived进程

输入命令

ps -ef|grep keepalived

打印返回

root    31     1  1 07:50 ?        00:00:00 keepalived -l -f /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
root    32    31  3 07:50 ?        00:00:00 keepalived -l -f /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
root    33    31  4 07:50 ?        00:00:00 keepalived -l -f /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
root    35    11  0 07:51 pts/1    00:00:00 grep --color=auto keepalived

4.3 查看vip挂载情况

输入命令

ip a

打印返回

1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
24: eth0@if25: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default 
    link/ether 02:42:c0:a8:7e:02 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0
    inet 192.168.126.2/24 brd 192.168.126.255 scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 192.168.200.16/32 scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

4、停止

4.1 停止nginx

nginx -s stop

4.2 停止keepalived

pkill keepalived

三、从机

1、方法一

1.1 重复主机环境步骤

1.2 将步骤 1.2 创建网桥的IP地址改成其他段

docker network create -d=bridge --subnet=192.168.127.0/24 br1

1.3 将步骤2.1 配置keepalived内容改为如下

! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   #路由id:当前安装keepalived节点主机的标识符,全局唯一
   router_id keep_131
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    # 表示的状态,当前的130服务器为nginx的主节点,MASTER/BACKUP
    state BACKUP
    # 当前实例绑定的网卡
    interface eth0
    # 保证主备节点一致
    virtual_router_id 51
    # 优先级/权重,谁的优先级高,在MASTER挂掉以后,就能成为MASTER
    priority 80
    # 主备之间同步检查的时间间隔,默认1s
    advert_int 1
    # 认证授权的密码,防止非法节点的进入
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.200.16
    }
}

2、方法二(推荐!省事)

2.1 将主机虚拟机关机完整克隆一份作为从机

2.2 修改keepalived的配置

输入命令

vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

内容如下

! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   #路由id:当前安装keepalived节点主机的标识符,全局唯一
   router_id keep_131
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    # 表示的状态,当前的130服务器为nginx的主节点,MASTER/BACKUP
    state BACKUP
    # 当前实例绑定的网卡
    interface eth0
    # 保证主备节点一致
    virtual_router_id 51
    # 优先级/权重,谁的优先级高,在MASTER挂掉以后,就能成为MASTER
    priority 50
    # 主备之间同步检查的时间间隔,默认1s
    advert_int 1
    # 认证授权的密码,防止非法节点的进入
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.200.16
    }
}

2.3 启动keepalived服务

keepalived -l -f /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

2.4 启动nginx服务

nginx

注: keepalived过程中出现的其他问题,详见 🔗在docker的ubuntu中安装keepalived

四、路由环境

具体路由如下图
主要路由环境

1、主机

1.1 网卡情况

输入命令

ip a

打印返回

1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:b6:5d:6c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    altname enp2s1
    inet 192.168.100.157/24 brd 192.168.100.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens33
       valid_lft 59332sec preferred_lft 59332sec
    inet6 fe80::f040:fdbe:78e1:5077/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: docker0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default 
    link/ether 02:42:65:2d:ef:09 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.17.0.1/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global docker0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::42:65ff:fe2d:ef09/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
18: br-5485ae4ce244: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default 
    link/ether 02:42:46:41:1a:20 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.126.1/24 brd 192.168.126.255 scope global br-5485ae4ce244
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::42:46ff:fe41:1a20/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
25: vethd5c0922@if24: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master br-5485ae4ce244 state UP group default 
    link/ether a2:75:3c:3c:0d:62 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0
    inet6 fe80::a075:3cff:fe3c:d62/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
27: vethec20693@if26: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master br-4bd1ee90e211 state UP group default 
    link/ether 92:80:a3:b4:06:4a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 1
    inet6 fe80::9080:a3ff:feb4:64a/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

1.2 查看路由

输入命令

route -n

打印返回

Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
0.0.0.0         192.168.100.1   0.0.0.0         UG    100    0        0 ens33
169.254.0.0     0.0.0.0         255.255.0.0     U     1000   0        0 ens33
172.17.0.0      0.0.0.0         255.255.0.0     U     0      0        0 docker0
192.168.100.0   0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     100    0        0 ens33
192.168.126.0   0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 br-5485ae4ce244

1.3 添加路由

主机到从机的路由

route add -net 192.168.127.0/24 gw 192.168.100.158

主机到vip的路由

route add -net 192.168.200.0/24 gw 192.168.126.2

vip到从机的路由

route add -net 192.168.200.0/24 gw 192.168.100.158

1.4 最后路由表

输入命令

route -n

打印返回

Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
0.0.0.0         192.168.100.1   0.0.0.0         UG    100    0        0 ens33
169.254.0.0     0.0.0.0         255.255.0.0     U     1000   0        0 ens33
172.17.0.0      0.0.0.0         255.255.0.0     U     0      0        0 docker0
192.168.100.0   0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     100    0        0 ens33
192.168.126.0   0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 br-5485ae4ce244
192.168.127.0   192.168.100.158 255.255.255.0   UG    0      0        0 ens33
192.168.200.0   192.168.126.2   255.255.255.0   UG    0      0        0 br-5485ae4ce244
192.168.200.0   192.168.100.158 255.255.255.0   UG    0      0        0 ens33

2、从机

2.1 网卡情况

输入命令

ip a

打印返回

1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:6a:2e:27 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    altname enp2s1
    inet 192.168.100.158/24 brd 192.168.100.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens33
       valid_lft 64476sec preferred_lft 64476sec
    inet6 fe80::5d22:1c65:d887:63e6/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: docker0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default 
    link/ether 02:42:69:89:fc:8c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.17.0.1/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global docker0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::42:69ff:fe89:fc8c/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: br-c0c4641ba16b: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default 
    link/ether 02:42:a3:ee:77:97 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.127.1/24 brd 192.168.127.255 scope global br-c0c4641ba16b
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::42:a3ff:feee:7797/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
10: vethbe7b7fe@if9: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master br-c0c4641ba16b state UP group default 
    link/ether 1a:e7:2f:a9:3b:8e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0
    inet6 fe80::18e7:2fff:fea9:3b8e/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

2.2 查看路由

输入命令

route -n

打印返回

Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
0.0.0.0         192.168.100.1   0.0.0.0         UG    100    0        0 ens33
169.254.0.0     0.0.0.0         255.255.0.0     U     1000   0        0 ens33
172.17.0.0      0.0.0.0         255.255.0.0     U     0      0        0 docker0
192.168.100.0   0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     100    0        0 ens33
192.168.127.0   0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 br-c0c4641ba16b

2.3 添加路由

从机到主机的路由

route add -net 192.168.126.0/24 gw 192.168.100.157

从机到vip的路由

route add -net 192.168.200.0/24 gw 192.168.127.2

vip到主机的路由

route add -net 192.168.200.0/24 gw 192.168.100.157

2.4 最后路由情况

route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
0.0.0.0         192.168.100.1   0.0.0.0         UG    100    0        0 ens33
169.254.0.0     0.0.0.0         255.255.0.0     U     1000   0        0 ens33
172.17.0.0      0.0.0.0         255.255.0.0     U     0      0        0 docker0
192.168.100.0   0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     100    0        0 ens33
192.168.126.0   192.168.100.157 255.255.255.0   UG    0      0        0 ens33
192.168.127.0   0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 br-c0c4641ba16b
192.168.200.0   192.168.126.2   255.255.255.0   UG    0      0        0 br-c0c4641ba16b
192.168.200.0   192.168.100.157 255.255.255.0   UG    0      0        0 ens33

3、宿主机(windows主机)

3.1 添加路由

vip到主机

route add 192.168.200.0 mask 255.255.255.0 192.168.100.157

vip到从机

route add 192.168.200.0 mask 255.255.255.0 192.168.100.158

文章来源:https://blog.csdn.net/lxcw_sir/article/details/134849921
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