C语言实现十进制二进制小数整数之间的转换（复制即用）

前言

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功能

实现十进制二进制小数整数之间的转换

运行图片

代码

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <math.h>

#define MAX_SIZE 100

// 定义栈结构
typedef struct {
    int items[MAX_SIZE];
    int top;
} Stack;

// 定义队列结构
typedef struct {
    int *items;
    int front, rear, size;
} Queue;

// 初始化栈
void initializeStack(Stack *stack) {
    stack->top = -1;
}

// 初始化队列
void initializeQueue(Queue *queue, int size) {
    queue->items = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * size);
    queue->front = -1;
    queue->rear = -1;
    queue->size = size;
}

// 判断栈是否为空
int isStackEmpty(Stack *stack) {
    return stack->top == -1;
}

// 判断队列是否为空
int isQueueEmpty(Queue *queue) {
    return queue->front == -1;
}

// 入栈操作
void push(Stack *stack, int item) {
    if (stack->top == MAX_SIZE - 1) {
        printf("栈溢出\n");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    stack->items[++stack->top] = item;
}

// 出栈操作
int pop(Stack *stack) {
    if (isStackEmpty(stack)) {
        printf("栈下溢\n");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    return stack->items[stack->top--];
}

// 入队操作
void enqueue(Queue *queue, int item) {
    if ((queue->rear + 1) % queue->size == queue->front) {
        printf("队列已满\n");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    if (isQueueEmpty(queue)) {
        queue->front = 0;
    }

    queue->rear = (queue->rear + 1) % queue->size;
    queue->items[queue->rear] = item;
}

// 出队操作
int dequeue(Queue *queue) {
    if (isQueueEmpty(queue)) {
        printf("队列下溢\n");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    int item = queue->items[queue->front];

    if (queue->front == queue->rear) {
        queue->front = -1;
        queue->rear = -1;
    } else {
        queue->front = (queue->front + 1) % queue->size;
    }

    return item;
}

// 十进制转换为二进制
void decimalToBinary(double decimal) {
    if (decimal < 0) {
        printf("二进制：-");
        decimal = fabs(decimal);
    } else {
        printf("二进制：");
    }

    int integerPart = (int)decimal;
    double fractionalPart = decimal - integerPart;

    // 整数部分
    Stack stackInteger;
    initializeStack(&stackInteger);
    while (integerPart > 0) {
        push(&stackInteger, integerPart % 2);
        integerPart /= 2;
    }

    while (!isStackEmpty(&stackInteger)) {
        printf("%d", pop(&stackInteger));
    }

    // 小数部分
    if (fractionalPart > 0) {
        printf(".");
        Queue queueFractional;
        initializeQueue(&queueFractional, MAX_SIZE);

        int count = 0;
        while (count < 10) {
            fractionalPart *= 2;
            int bit = (int)fractionalPart;
            enqueue(&queueFractional, bit);
            fractionalPart -= (double)bit;
            count++;
        }

        while (!isQueueEmpty(&queueFractional)) {
            printf("%d", dequeue(&queueFractional));
        }
    }

    printf("\n");
}

// 二进制转换为十进制
double binaryToDecimal(char *binary) {
    double decimal = 0.0;
    int length = 0;
    int pointIndex = -1;

    while (binary[length] != '\0') {
        if (binary[length] == '.') {
            pointIndex = length;
            break;
        }
        length++;
    }

    for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
        if (binary[i] == '1') {
            decimal += pow(2, length - i - 1);
        }
    }

    if (pointIndex != -1) {
        for (int i = pointIndex + 1; binary[i] != '\0'; i++) {
            if (binary[i] == '1') {
                decimal += pow(2, pointIndex - i);
            }
        }
    }

    return decimal;
}

int main() {
    int choice;
    double decimal;

    do {
        printf("选择功能:\n");
        printf("1. 十进制转二进制\n");
        printf("2. 二进制转十进制\n");
        printf("0. 退出\n");

        printf("输入选择: ");
        scanf("%d", &choice);

        switch (choice) {
            case 1:
                printf("输入一个十进制数：");
                scanf("%lf", &decimal);
                decimalToBinary(decimal);
                break;
            case 2:
                printf("输入一个二进制数：");
                char binary[32];
                scanf("%s", binary);
                printf("十进制数: %.10lf\n", binaryToDecimal(binary));
                break;
            case 0:
                printf("退出程序\n");
                break;
            default:
                printf("无效的选择，请重新输入\n");
        }

    } while (choice != 0);

    return 0;
}