drf知识-09

2024-01-02 23:20:10

自定义频率类

# throttling 频率限制
# 简单方案
from rest_framework.throttling import SimpleRateThrottle
class CommonThrottle(SimpleRateThrottle):
    rate = '3/m'
    def get_cache_key(self, request, view):
        ip = request.META.get('REMOTE_ADDR')
        return ip

# 复杂方案---》通用方案---》后期任何框架都可以使用这个逻辑
from rest_framework.throttling import BaseThrottle
import time
class MyThrottling(BaseThrottle):
    VISIT_RECORD = {}  # {192.168.1.11:[时间2,时间1],192.168.1.99:[时间3,时间2,时间1]}
    def __init__(self):
        self.history = None

    def allow_request(self, request, view):
        ip = request.META.get('REMOTE_ADDR')  # 取出访问者ip
        ctime = time.time()
        if ip not in self.VISIT_RECORD:
            self.VISIT_RECORD[ip] = [ctime, ]
            return True
        self.history = self.VISIT_RECORD.get(ip)  # 访问时间列表
        while self.history and ctime - self.history[-1] > 3600:
            self.history.pop()
        if len(self.history) < 5:
            self.history.insert(0, ctime)
            return True
        else:
            return False

    def wait(self):
        ctime = time.time()
        return 60 - (ctime - self.history[-1])
# exceptions 异常处理
 自己写个函数,处理drf异常和自己的异常
from rest_framework.views import exception_handler
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.exceptions import Throttled

def common_exception_handler(exc, context):
    res = exception_handler(exc, context)  # 处理drf异常处理
    if res:
        if isinstance(exc, Throttled):
            return Response({'code': 20016, 'msg': '使用过于频繁,稍后再试:%s' % res.data.get('detail')})
        else:
            detail = res.data.get('detail') or res.data or "drf异常,请联系系统管理员"
            return Response({'code': 999, 'msg': detail})
            # return res
    else:  # 如果没值,说明是自己的异常
        # exc 错误对象,判断具体是什么错误 :数据错误, 除以0,。。。。
        print(type(exc))
        if isinstance(exc, ZeroDivisionError):
            return Response({'code': 20001, 'msg': '不能除以0'})
        if isinstance(exc, IndexError):
            return Response({'code': 20002, 'msg': '超长了'})
        else:
            return Response({'code': 888, 'msg': '操作失败,请稍后再试:%s' % str(exc)})
# common 更改显示格式
from rest_framework.mixins import ListModelMixin
from rest_framework.response import Response

class CommonListModelMixin(ListModelMixin):
    def list(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        res = super().list(request, *args, **kwargs)
        return Response({'code': 100, 'msg': '查询所有成功', 'results': res.data})
# serializer.py 序列化类
from rest_framework import serializers
from .models import Book
class BookSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Book
        fields = ['id', 'name', 'price', 'publish', 'authors', 'publish_detail', 'author_list']
        extra_kwargs = {
            'publish': {'write_only': True},
            'authors': {'write_only': True},
            'publish_detail': {'read_only': True},
            'author_list': {'read_only': True},
        }
# views.py 视图层
# 查询所有图书
from .models import Book
from .serializer import BookSerializer
from .common import CommonListModelMixin as ListModelMixin
from rest_framework.viewsets import GenericViewSet

from .throttling import MyThrottling
class BookView(GenericViewSet, ListModelMixin):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer
    # throttle_classes = [CommonThrottling]
    throttle_classes = [MyThrottling]
# urls 路由
from . import views
from rest_framework.routers import SimpleRouter, DefaultRouter

router = SimpleRouter()
router.register('books', views.BookView, 'books')
urlpatterns = [
]
urlpatterns += router.urls

# 总路由
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path,include

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('api/v1/', include('app01.urls')),
]

频率源码执行流程

# 1 APIView--->dispatch--->self.initial(request, *args, **kwargs)--->self.check_throttles(request)
# 2 APIView的check_throttles
    def check_throttles(self, request):
        throttle_durations = []
        # self.get_throttles() 是视图类中配置的一个个频率类的对象列表
        for throttle in self.get_throttles():
            # throttle.allow_request 返回false ,说明到频率了
            if not throttle.allow_request(request, self):
                # 到了频率,走了它
                # throttle.wait() 返回还剩多长时间能访问
                throttle_durations.append(throttle.wait())
        # 被频率限制住了,它就有值
        if throttle_durations:
            durations = [
                duration for duration in throttle_durations
                if duration is not None
            ]
		   #duration=[35,54]
        	# duration=[]
            duration = max(durations, default=None)
            # duration=56
            # duration=None
            self.throttled(request, duration)
            
            
            
# 3 self.throttled(request, duration) ---》APIView
    def throttled(self, request, wait):
        # wait=56或None
        raise exceptions.Throttled(wait)
        
# 4 Throttled类实例化得到对象,传了数字进去
from rest_framework.exceptions import Throttled
内部 拼接错误信息--》但是是英文的,如果要换成中文
# 5 超过了频率,就不返回False了,直接抛异常
	raise Throttled(None, '超过了限制,还剩:%s 时间' % self.wait())

SimpleRateThrottle 执行流程

# 1 咱们写的  CommonThrottling没有写allow_request
class CommonThrottling(SimpleRateThrottle):
    rate = '3/m'
    def get_cache_key(self, request, view):
        return request.META.get('REMOTE_ADDR')
    
    
# 2 一定是 SimpleRateThrottle 写了,完成了频率校验
# 3 SimpleRateThrottle--》allow_request---》跟咱们的逻辑一样
    def allow_request(self, request, view):
        if self.rate is None: # 自己写了 '3/m'
            return True
	
    	# 返回了 ip地址,self.key 就是访问者的ip地址
        self.key = self.get_cache_key(request, view)
        if self.key is None:
            return True

        # self.history 当前ip,访问的时间列表,self.key是ip
        # self.cache 缓存,去缓中,根据ip,取出访问者时间列表,如果没有就是 []
        self.history = self.cache.get(self.key, [])
        # 当前时间
        self.now = self.timer() # timer = time.time
	   #  self.now 当前时间,
       #  self.duration 就是60
        while self.history and self.history[-1] <= self.now - self.duration:
            self.history.pop()
        # self.num_requests 是3
        if len(self.history) >= self.num_requests:
            return self.throttle_failure()
        return self.throttle_success()
    
    
# 4  self.duration 就是60    self.num_requests 是3
# 3                   60
self.num_requests, self.duration = self.parse_rate(self.rate)
#5 self.parse_rate(self.rate)
    def parse_rate(self, rate):
        if rate is None: # '3/minute'
            return (None, None)
        # 3   period=mmmmm
        num, period = rate.split('/')
        # 3
        num_requests = int(num)
        duration = {'s': 1, 'm': 60, 'h': 3600, 'd': 86400}[period[0]]
        # duration 是60,
        # num_requests 是3
        return (num_requests, duration)

drf回顾之入门规范

# 前后端开发模式:混合开发(不分离),前后端分离
# API接口
# 接口测试:postman
? ? ? ? ? ?测试:接口测试: jmeter是java开发的软件
# restful规范:10条规范
? ?????????drf 帮助我们快速实现符合restful规范的接口
#?APIView执行流程:重写了as_view,重写了dispatch
? ? ? ? ? ?1、去除了csrf认证
? ? ? ? ? ?2、包装了新的request
? ? ? ? ? ?3、三大认证 ?--根据请求方式,执行视图类的方法(认证组件、权限组件、频率组件)
? ? ? ? ? ?4、处理了全局异常

#?Request 类的对象
? ? ?? ?1、多了data
? ? ? ? 2、重写了 __getattr__ ?对象.属性触发
? ? ? ? ? ? ????????去旧的request中找:通过反射 ?getattr(self._request,'path')
? ? ? ? 3、以后用起来跟之前一样
? ? ? ? 4、query_params? ? ? ??? ? ? ? ? ??

drf回顾之序列化组件

# 序列化
? ? ? ? ?1、写一个类,继承(序列化类)
? ? ? ? ?2、写字段,需要跟表中有对应关系(手动对应:Serializer 自动对应:ModelSerializer)
? ? ? ? ?3、视图类中使用:? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??

# 多条Queryset对象:使用orm查询出来的
# django执行原生sql-->使用序列化类完成序列化
ser=BookSerializer(instnce=qs,many=True)
ser.data+Response

#?反序列化
? ? ? ? ?? ?1、写一个类,继承(序列化类)
? ? ? ? ? ? 2、写字段,需要跟表中有对应关系(手动: Serializer 自动:ModelSerializer)
? ? ? ? ? ? 3、视图类中使用

????????????????????????修改ser=BookSerializer(instance=对象,data=request.data)
????????????????????????新增ser=BookSerializer(data=request.data)
????????????????????????ser.is_valid()
????????????????????????ser.save()--->触发序列化类的:update,create

# 序列化和反序列化用在一起:
? ? ? ? ?? ?????????read_only 和 write_only
? ? ? ? ? ? ????????extra_kwargs={ }

# 校验:三层
? ? ?????????Serializer-重写 update和create
? ? ? ? ? ? ?ModelSerializer-重写字段-class Meta:??model 、fields 、extra_kwargs

class BookSerializer(serializers.Serializer):   # 手动
    name = serializers.CharField()  # 公共的
    price = serializers.CharField()  # 公共的
    publish = serializers.IntegerField(write_only=True)  # 只用来做反序列化
    authors = serializers.ListField(write_only=True)  # 只用来做反序列化
    publish_detail = serializers.SerializerMethodField(read_only=True)  # 只用来做序列化
    author_list = serializers.SerializerMethodField(read_only=True)  # 只用来做序列化
 
    def get_publish_detail(self, obj):
        return {'name': obj.publish.name, 'city': obj.publish.city}
    def get_author_list(self, obj):
        l = []
        for author in obj.authors.all():
            l.append({'name': author.name, 'age': author.age})
        return l
    def create(self, validated_data):
        # {name,price,publish:1,authors:[1,2]}
        authors = validated_data.pop('authors')
        book = Book.objects.create(name=validated_data.get('name'), price=validated_data.get('price'),publish_id=validated_data.get('publish'))
        book.authors.add(*authors)
        return book
 
    def update(self, instance, validated_data):
        # {name,price,publish:1,authors:[1,2]}
        authors = validated_data.pop('authors')
        validated_data['publish_id'] = validated_data.pop('publish')
        for key in validated_data:
            setattr(instance, key, validated_data[key])
 
        instance.save()
        # 先清空在放入
        # instance.authors.clear()
        # instance.authors.add(*authors)
        # 直接存
        instance.authors.set(authors)
        return instance
from rest_framework import serializers
from .models import Book
class BookSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Book
        fields = ['id', 'name', 'price', 'publish', 'authors', 'publish_detail', 'author_list']
        extra_kwargs = {
            'publish': {'write_only': True},
            'authors': {'write_only': True},
            'publish_detail': {'read_only': True},
            'author_list': {'read_only': True},
        }

#?source定制:表中字段,表中方法,跨表

? ? ? ? #1 修改字段,映射字段:
????????????????publish_name表中不存在
????????????????publish_name = serializers.CharField(source='name')

????????#2 修改字段,映射方法:
????????????????sb_name是表模型中一个方法
????????????????name = serializers.CharField(source='sb_name')

????????#3 修改字段,跨表查询
????????????????book表中可以链表查询
????????????????publish=models.ForeignKey(to='Publish.name')

# 定制返回格式:序列化
? ? ? ? 表模型中写方法
????????序列化类中:SerializerMethod--》get_字段名)? ????

# models.py
from django.db import models
class Book(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=5, decimal_places=2)
    publish = models.ForeignKey(to='Publish', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    authors = models.ManyToManyField(to='Author')
    def __str__(self):
        return self.name
    # def book_name(self):
    #     return self.name+'sb'
    # def publish_detail(self):
    #     return {'name': self.publish.name, 'city': self.publish.city}
    #
    # def author_list(self):
    #     l = []
    #     for author in self.authors.all():
    #         l.append({'name': author.name, 'age': author.age})
# serializer.py
class BookSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
    name = serializers.CharField()
    price = serializers.CharField()
    #方案一:在表模型中写方法,在序列化类中做映射
    # publish_detail = serializers.DictField()  # publish_detail 会映射表模型中 publish_detail方法,方法返回值是 字典,用DictField接收
    # author_list = serializers.ListField()
 
    #方案二:在序列化类中写  SerializerMethodField
    # 只要写了这个字段类SerializerMethodField,必须配合一个方法:get_字段名,这个方法返回什么,前端这个字段就显示什么
    publish_detail = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
    def get_publish_detail(self, obj):
        return {'name': obj.publish.name, 'city': obj.publish.city}
 
    author_list = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
    def get_author_list(self, obj):
        l = []
        for author in obj.authors.all():
            l.append({'name': author.name, 'age': author.age})
        return l


# BookReadSerializer
? ?BookWriteSerializer
? ?LoginSerializer

? ????????get_serializer_class()--影响:list ?retrieve? update create ? ?自己写的

????????? get_queryset()--影响:list ?retrieve? update create ? delete

??????????get_object--影响:list,retrieve,update,delete,不会影响到create??????

class BookView(ModelViewSet):
? ? query_set=xx
? ? serializer_class=BookReadSerializer
? ? def get_serializer_class(self):  # 重写 get_serializer_class 方法
? ? ? ? if self.action=='list' or self.action=='retrieve':
? ? ? ? # if self.request.method=='get':
? ? ? ? ? ? # get_serializer() 获取使用哪个序列化类
? ? ? ? ? ? return BookReadSerializer
? ? ? ? elif self.action=='login':
? ? ? ? ? ? return LoginSerializer
? ? ? ? else:
? ? ? ? ? ? return BookWriteSerializer ? ? ??
? ? def get_queryset(self):pass
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??
    # 返回所有数据,但会影响 list,retrieve,update,delete ,自己写的
?? ?@action(methods=['POST'],detail=False)
? ? def login(self,requset):
? ? ? ? self.get_serializer()    #让它拿到 LoginSerializer
? ? ? ? self.get_object()
? ? ? ? self.get_queryset? ? ?

drf回顾之请求和响应

# 请求
? ?Request源码
? ?能够解析的编码格式:默认三种:json,urlencoded,form-data

? ? ? ? ? ?1、视图类上配置

? ? ? ? ? ?2、settings.py ?配置文件中配置

from rest_framework.parsers import JSONParser, FormParser, MultiPartParser
# JSONParser:json
# FormParser:urlencoded
# MultiPartParser:form-data
class TestView(APIView):
    # parser_classes = [JSONParser]
    parser_classes = [JSONParser,FormParser]
    def post(self, request):
        print(request.data)
        return Response('ok')
setting.py
# 所有drf的配置,都要写在REST_FRAMEWORK 字典中
    REST_FRAMEWORK = {
        'DEFAULT_PARSER_CLASSES': [
            # 'rest_framework.parsers.JSONParser',
            # 'rest_framework.parsers.FormParser',
            'rest_framework.parsers.MultiPartParser',
        ],
    }
 
views.py
class TestView(APIView):
        parser_classes = [JSONParser,FormParser]

# 响应
? ?*Response源码
? ?*实例化时可传入的参数:

data=None----响应体? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??
status=None---http响应状态码? ? ? ?import status 状态码? ? ? ? ??
headers=None---响应头
content_type=None---响应编码格式

list方法:
res=super().list(request)   # res 就是Response 类的对象
res.status ?res.data ?res.headers
res.data ? [{},{},{}]
{code:100,msg:成功,results:res.data}   # 响应编码格式 ?

drf回顾之视图组件

# APIView:
? ? ??1、继承了View
? ? ? 2、重写了 as_view
? ? ? 3、重写了 dipatch---相当于给之前的视图类的方法加了装饰器
? ? ? 4、写跟请求方式同名的方法:get,post,delete,put,get
# GenericAPIView
? ?*继承了APIView?? ? ? ?

*类属性:? ? 
queryset =Book.object.all().filter(is_delete=False)
# self.get_queryset拿到要序列化的数据
lookup_field = 'pk'? ?# 分组,转换器出来的参数
filter_backends    # 过滤和排序?
pagination_class   # 分页
*方法:
get_serializer_class? # 通过重写控制视图类的方法使用哪个序列化类
serializer_class   # 获取序列化类,list,retrieve(get_object间接),put,create
get_queryset       # 要序列化的总数据或单条查询的数据源
get_object     # 获取单条,通过get_queryset拿到的
filter_queryset    # 过滤使用,必须配合list使用,视图类中重写它可以完成过滤,就不用配置过滤类了
get_paginated_response    # 获取分页后的返回数据,必须配合list

def get_paginated_response(self, data):
? ? ? assert self.paginator is not None
? ? ? return Response({
? ? ? ? ? ? ?'code': 100,
? ? ? ? ? ? ?'msg': 'asdfasfasfdasf',
? ? ? ? ? ? ?'next': self.paginator.get_next_link(),
? ? ? ? ? ? ?'pre': self.paginator.get_previous_link(),
? ? ? ? ? ? ?'result': data})

# 5个视图扩展类--必须搭配GenericAPIView? ? ??

ListModelMixin  # 过滤,排序,分页
def list(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
? ? ?queryset = self.filter_queryset(self.get_queryset())
? ? ?page = self.paginate_queryset(queryset)   # 处理了分页
? ? ?if page is not None:   # 如果没有分页,正常返回
? ? ? ? ? ? serializer = self.get_serializer(page, many=True)
? ? ? ? ? ? return self.get_paginated_response(serializer.data)
?? ??serializer = self.get_serializer(queryset, many=True)
? ? ?return Response(data=serializer.data)

RetrieveModelMixin
def retrieve(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
? ? ?instance = self.get_object() # 序列化单挑数据--》重写
? ? ?serializer = self.get_serializer(instance) # 重写--》使用哪个序列化类
? ? ?return Response(serializer.data) ? 

CreateModelMixin
def create(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
? ? ? serializer = self.get_serializer(data=request.data) # 重写
? ? ? serializer.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
? ? ? self.perform_create(serializer) #做了真正的保存serializer.save(),重写
? ? ? return Response(serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)
def perform_create(self, serializer): ?#可以重写
? ? ? serializer.save()
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??
DestroyModelMixin
def destroy(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
? ? ? instance = self.get_object()    # 通过重写它,决定删除谁
? ? ? self.perform_destroy(instance)? # 重写-软删除,不在数据库删除,is_delete
? ? ? # 设置为True,以后要序列化的时候,不查出来了
? ? ? return Response(status=status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT)
def perform_destroy(self, instance):
? ? ? instance.delete()

UpdateModelMixin
def update(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
? ? ? instance = self.get_object()
? ? ? serializer = self.get_serializer(instance, data=request.data)
? ? ? serializer.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
? ? ? self.perform_update(serializer)
? ? ? return Response(serializer.data)
def perform_update(self, serializer):
? ? ? serializer.save()? ?
# views.py
from rest_framework.mixins import CreateModelMixin, ListModelMixin, RetrieveModelMixin, UpdateModelMixin, \
    DestroyModelMixin
 
class BookView(GenericAPIView, CreateModelMixin, ListModelMixin):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer
    def get(self, request):
        return super().list(request)
    def post(self, request):
        # 做保存,加了这一句---》目的是:子类可以重写,增强扩展性
        # self.perform_create(serializer)
        return super().create(request)
 
class BookDetailView(GenericAPIView, RetrieveModelMixin, DestroyModelMixin, UpdateModelMixin):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer
    def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return super().update(request, *args, **kwargs)
 
    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return super().retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs)
 
    def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return super().destroy(request, *args, **kwargs)

# 9 个视图子类--重写 get_serializer_class,get_queryset,get_object??

ListAPIView:GenericAPIView+ListModelMixin  # 重写:list,get
RetrieveAPIView   # 重写retrieve,get
CreateAPIView     # 重写create,perform_create
UpdateAPIView
DestroyAPIView
ListCreateAPIView
RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView,
RetrieveDestroyAPIView,
RetrieveUpdateAPIView
# views.py
from rest_framework.generics import CreateAPIView, ListAPIView
from rest_framework.generics import RetrieveAPIView, DestroyAPIView, UpdateAPIView
from rest_framework.generics import ListCreateAPIView
from rest_framework.generics import RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView, RetrieveDestroyAPIView, RetrieveUpdateAPIView
# from rest_framework.generics import DestroyUpdateAPIView # 一般不存在,所以就没有
 
# 实现新增,查所有和查询一条
class BookView(ListCreateAPIView):
    # 配置两个类属性
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer
 
class BookDetailView(RetrieveAPIView):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer

# 视图集? ? ? ?

????????以后写视图类: 一般不会5个都写
????????比如只想写 查询所有和删除一条--继承--》GenericViewSet,ListModelMixin

ViewSetMixin ? # 路由写法变了---》多个视图类可以放到一起---》一个视图类中可以放多个方法
GenericViewSet
ViewSet
ModelViewSet   # 有get,post这些方法吗?没有,只有list,create。。这些
# 重写:get_serializer_class,get_queryset,perform_destroy
# 重写list,分页返回格式
ReadOnlyModelViewSet:只有 list,retrieve


?

drf回顾之路由组件

#??视图类没有继承了ViewSetMixin,路由写法跟之前一样
?? ?????????path('books/', views.BookView.as_view())

# 映射写法:ViewSetMixin

? ? SimperRouter和DefaultRouter? ? 实例化

from rest_framework.routers import SimpleRouter,DefaultRouter  
router = SimpleRouter()  # router = DefaultRouter()
router.register('books', views.BookView, 'books') 
urlpatterns = [
    # path('', include(router.urls)),
]
urlpatterns += router.urls

# 视图类中自己的方法,再做映射--action装饰器

????????action装饰器:methods,detail

@action(methods=['POST'],detail=False,)
def login(self,request):
    return Response('login')

drf回顾之三大认证

# 认证类的使用
# 权限类:
? ? ?? ?登录成功后,有没有权限---》request.user拿到登录用户,判断权限
# 频率类:
? ? ?? ?ip,用户id
? ? ? ? 用户访问记录:存在缓存中,默认在内存

# auth.py 认证类
from rest_framework.authentication import BaseAuthentication
from rest_framework.exceptions import AuthenticationFailed
from .models import UserToken
 
class LoginAuth(BaseAuthentication):
    def authenticate(self, request):
        token = request.query_params.get('token') or request.META.get('HTTP_TOKEN')
        user_token = UserToken.objects.filter(token=token).first()
        if user_token:
            user = user_token.user
            return user, user_token
        else:
            raise AuthenticationFailed("您没有登录")
# permission.py  权限类
from rest_framework.permissions import BasePermission
class CommonPermission(BasePermission):
    def has_permission(self, request, view):
        try:
            user_type = request.user.user_type
            if user_type == 2:     # 只有超级管理员能访问,其他人都不能访问
                return True
            else:
                self.message = '您是:%s,您没有权限操作这个' % request.user.get_user_type_display()
                return False
        except Exception as e:            
            if 'login' in request.path:   # 未登录用户也没有权限
                return True
            else:
                self.message = '您没有登录,您没有权限操作这个'
                return False
# throttling.py  频率类
from rest_framework.throttling import  SimpleRateThrottle
 
class CommonThrottle(SimpleRateThrottle):
    rate = '3/m' 
    def get_cache_key(self, request, view):
        ip = request.META.get('REMOTE_ADDR')
        return ip
# setting.py
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
    # 全局配置登录认证
    'DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES': ['app01.auth.LoginAuth'],    # 认证组件
    'DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES': ['app01.permission.CommonPermission'],   # 权限组件
    'DEFAULT_THROTTLE_CLASSES': ['app01.throttling.CommonThrottle'],   # 频率组件
}
# views.py  登录入口   1、拿到验证码
class UserView(ViewSet):
    authentication_classes = []
    permission_classes = []
    throttle_classes = []
 
    @action(methods=['POST'], detail=False)
    def login(self, request):
        username = request.data.get('username')
        password = request.data.get('password')
        user = User.objects.filter(name=username, password=password).first()
        if user:
            token = str(uuid.uuid4())
            UserToken.objects.update_or_create(defaults={'token': token}, user_id=user.pk)
            return Response({'code': '100', 'msg': '登录成功', 'token': token})
        else:
            return Response({'code': '101', 'msg': '用户名或密码错误'})
 
class BookView(ViewSetMixin, ListCreateAPIView):
    authentication_classes = [LoginAuth]  # 验证是否登录
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer  
class BookDetailView(GenericViewSet, DestroyModelMixin, RetrieveModelMixin, UpdateModelMixin):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer

drf回顾之排序过滤和分页

-排序:内置排序 ?list接口,继承GenericAPIView+list
? ? ?? ?-filter_backends 配置 排序类
? ? ? ? -ordering=id,-price
? ? -过滤:
? ? ?? ?-内置
? ? ? ? -第三方
? ? ? ? -自定义:写个类,继承:BaseFilterBackend,重写filter_queryset在内部完成过滤,返回过滤后的qs对象
? ? ? ??
? ? -过滤,排序可以连用,多个过滤也可以连用

- list接口+GenericAPIView 配置分页类
? ? - 三种分页方式
? ? ?? ?-都有自己的类属性? ? ? ?
?-继承APIView实现分页
? ? from rest_framework.viewsets import ViewSet
? ? from rest_framework.mixins import ListModelMixin,RetrieveModelMixin
? ? from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView
? ? from . import pagination
? ? class BookView(ViewSet):
? ? ? ? def list(self, request):
? ? ? ? ? ? book_list = Book.objects.all()
? ? ? ? ? ? # 调用咱们写的分页类对象的paginate_queryset方法返回了 分页后的qs对象
? ? ? ? ? ? # pagenation = pagination.CommonPageNumberPagination()
? ? ? ? ? ? # pagenation = pagination.CommonLimitOffsetPagination()
? ? ? ? ? ? pagenation = pagination.CommonCursorPagination()
? ? ? ? ? ? page = pagenation.paginate_queryset(book_list, request, self)
? ? ? ? ? ? ser = BookSerializer(instance=page, many=True)
? ? ? ? ? ? # return pagenation.get_paginated_response(ser.data)
? ? ? ? ? ? # CommonPageNumberPagination 返回格式
? ? ? ? ? ? # return Response({'code': 100,
? ? ? ? ? ? # ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?'msg': '查询成功',
? ? ? ? ? ? # ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?'count': pagenation.page.paginator.count,
? ? ? ? ? ? # ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?'next': pagenation.get_next_link(),
? ? ? ? ? ? # ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?'pre': pagenation.get_previous_link(),
? ? ? ? ? ? # ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?'result': ser.data})
? ? ? ? ? ? # CommonLimitOffsetPagination
? ? ? ? ? ? # return Response({
? ? ? ? ? ? # ? ? 'code': 100,
? ? ? ? ? ? # ? ? 'msg': '查询成功',
? ? ? ? ? ? # ? ? 'count': pagenation.count,
? ? ? ? ? ? # ? ? 'next': pagenation.get_next_link(),
? ? ? ? ? ? # ? ? 'pre': pagenation.get_previous_link(),
? ? ? ? ? ? # ? ? 'result': ser.data})

? ? ? ? ? ? # CommonCursorPagination
? ? ? ? ? ? return Response({
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 'code': 100,
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 'msg': '查询成功',
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 'next': pagenation.get_next_link(),
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 'pre': pagenation.get_previous_link(),
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 'result': ser.data})

drf回顾之全局异常

-全局异常:
? ? ?? ?-写个函数,完成处理,配置到配置文件---》以后只要出了异常,都会走咱么的函数

今日思维导图:

文章来源:https://blog.csdn.net/qq_48064830/article/details/135345613
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