小黑迈出了应用开发第一步，通过武沛奇老师b站django入门课程了解了django，准备学习前端基础:django入门沛奇老师课程笔记

2024-01-08 11:38:27

课程来源:

https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1NL41157ph/?p=71&spm_id_from=333.880.my_history.page.click

课程链接与学习资料推荐

项目部署

新建django项目

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创建app

python manage.py startapp app01

注册app

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数据库配置

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DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
        'NAME': 'gx_day16',  # 数据库名字
        'USER': 'root',
        'PASSWORD': 'root123',
        'HOST': '127.0.0.1',  # 那台机器安装了MySQL
        'PORT': 3306,
    }
}

等价于建表语句:

create database gx_day16 DEFAULT CHARSET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;

数据库表格创建

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from django.db import models


class Department(models.Model):
    """ 部门表 """
    title = models.CharField(verbose_name='标题', max_length=32)


class UserInfo(models.Model):
    """ 员工表 """
    name = models.CharField(verbose_name="姓名", max_length=16)
    password = models.CharField(verbose_name="密码", max_length=64)
    age = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="年龄")
    account = models.DecimalField(verbose_name="账户余额", max_digits=10, decimal_places=2, default=0)
    create_time = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name="入职时间")

    # 无约束
    # depart_id = models.BigIntegerField(verbose_name="部门ID")
    # 1.有约束
    #   - to，与那张表关联
    #   - to_field，表中的那一列关联
    # 2.django自动
    #   - 写的depart
    #   - 生成数据列 depart_id
    # 3.部门表被删除
    # ### 3.1 级联删除
    depart = models.ForeignKey(to="Department", to_field="id", on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    # ### 3.2 置空
    # depart = models.ForeignKey(to="Department", to_field="id", null=True, blank=True, on_delete=models.SET_NULL)

    # 在django中做的约束
    gender_choices = (
        (1, "男"),
        (2, "女"),
    )
    gender = models.SmallIntegerField(verbose_name="性别", choices=gender_choices)

django为数据库自动建表

python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate

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建表成功

静态文件管理

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django实例

模板继承

定义模版：layout.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static 'plugin...min.css' %}">
    {% block css %}{% endblock %}
</head>
<body>
    <h1>标题</h1>
    <div>
        {% block content %}{% endblock %}
    </div>
    <h1>底部</h1>
    
    <script src="{% static 'js/jquery-3.6.0.min.js' %}"></script>
    {% block js %}{% endblock %}
</body>
</html>

继承模版：

{% extends 'layout.html' %}

{% block css %}
	<link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static 'pluxxx.css' %}">
	<style>
		...
	</style>
{% endblock %}


{% block content %}
    <h1>首页</h1>
{% endblock %}


{% block js %}
	<script src="{% static 'js/jqxxxin.js' %}"></script>
{% endblock %}

Form表单

views.py

class MyForm(Form):
    user = forms.CharField(widget=forms.Input)
    pwd = form.CharFiled(widget=forms.Input)
    email = form.CharFiled(widget=forms.Input)
    account = form.CharFiled(widget=forms.Input)
    create_time = form.CharFiled(widget=forms.Input)
    depart = form.CharFiled(widget=forms.Input)
    gender = form.CharFiled(widget=forms.Input)


def user_add(request):
    if request.method == "GET":
        form = MyForm()
        return render(request, 'user_add.html',{"form":form})

user_add.html(用户添加业务html文件)
普通写法:

<form method="post">
    {% for field in form%}
    	{{ field }}
    {% endfor %}
    <!-- <input type="text"  placeholder="姓名" name="user" /> -->
</form>

简便写法:

<form method="post">
    {{ form.user }}
    {{ form.pwd }}
    {{ form.email }}
    <!-- <input type="text"  placeholder="姓名" name="user" /> -->
</form>

ModelForm表单

models.py

class UserInfo(models.Model):
    """ 员工表 """
    name = models.CharField(verbose_name="姓名", max_length=16)
    password = models.CharField(verbose_name="密码", max_length=64)
    age = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="年龄")
    account = models.DecimalField(verbose_name="账户余额", max_digits=10, decimal_places=2, default=0)
    create_time = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name="入职时间")
    depart = models.ForeignKey(to="Department", to_field="id", on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    gender_choices = (
        (1, "男"),
        (2, "女"),
    )
    gender = models.SmallIntegerField(verbose_name="性别", choices=gender_choices)

views.py

class MyForm(ModelForm):
    xx = form.CharField*("...")
    class Meta:
        model = UserInfo
        fields = ["name","password","age","xx"]


def user_add(request):
    if request.method == "GET":
        form = MyForm()
        return render(request, 'user_add.html',{"form":form})

user_add.html
一般写法

<form method="post">
    {% for field in form%}
    	{{ field }}
    {% endfor %}
    <!-- <input type="text"  placeholder="姓名" name="user" /> -->
</form>

简便写法

<form method="post">
    {{ form.user }}
    {{ form.pwd }}
    {{ form.email }}
    <!-- <input type="text"  placeholder="姓名" name="user" /> -->
</form>

数据库筛选

# [obj,obj,obj]
queryset = models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(mobile="1888888888")

obj = models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(mobile="1888888888").first()

# True/False
exists = models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(mobile="1888888888").exists()

#排除自己以外，其他的数据是否手机号是否重复？

# id!=2 and mobile='1888888888'
models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(mobile="1888888888").exclude(id=2)

models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(mobile="19999999991",id=12)

data_dict = {"mobile":"19999999991","id":123}
models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(**data_dict)

models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(id=12)       # 等于12
models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(id__gt=12)   # 大于12
models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(id__gte=12)  # 大于等于12
models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(id__lt=12)   # 小于12
models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(id__lte=12)  # 小于等于12

data_dict = {"id__lte":12}
models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(**data_dict)

models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(mobile="999")               # 等于
models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(mobile__startswith="1999")  # 筛选出以1999开头
models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(mobile__endswith="999")     # 筛选出以999结尾
models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(mobile__contains="999")     # 筛选出包含999

data_dict = {"mobile__contains":"999"}
models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(**data_dict)

分页操作

分页逻辑

queryset = models.PrettyNum.objects.all()

queryset = models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(id=1)[0:10]


# 第1页
queryset = models.PrettyNum.objects.all()[0:10]

# 第2页
queryset = models.PrettyNum.objects.all()[10:20]

# 第3页
queryset = models.PrettyNum.objects.all()[20:30]

bootstrap分页封装

from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe
class Pagination(object):

    def __init__(self, request, queryset, page_size=10, page_param="page", plus=5):
        """
        :param request: 请求的对象
        :param queryset: 符合条件的数据（根据这个数据给他进行分页处理）
        :param page_size: 每页显示多少条数据
        :param page_param: 在URL中传递的获取分页的参数，例如：/etty/list/?page=12
        :param plus: 显示当前页的 前或后几页（页码）
        """

        from django.http.request import QueryDict
        import copy
        query_dict = copy.deepcopy(request.GET)
        query_dict._mutable = True
        self.query_dict = query_dict

        self.page_param = page_param
        page = request.GET.get(page_param, "1")

        if page.isdecimal():
            page = int(page)
        else:
            page = 1

        self.page = page
        self.page_size = page_size

        self.start = (page - 1) * page_size
        self.end = page * page_size

        self.page_queryset = queryset[self.start:self.end]

        total_count = queryset.count()
        total_page_count, div = divmod(total_count, page_size)
        if div:
            total_page_count += 1
        self.total_page_count = total_page_count
        self.plus = plus

    def html(self):
        # 计算出，显示当前页的前5页、后5页
        if self.total_page_count <= 2 * self.plus + 1:
            # 数据库中的数据比较少，都没有达到11页。
            start_page = 1
            end_page = self.total_page_count
        else:
            # 数据库中的数据比较多 > 11页。

            # 当前页<5时（小极值）
            if self.page <= self.plus:
                start_page = 1
                end_page = 2 * self.plus + 1
            else:
                # 当前页 > 5
                # 当前页+5 > 总页面
                if (self.page + self.plus) > self.total_page_count:
                    start_page = self.total_page_count - 2 * self.plus
                    end_page = self.total_page_count
                else:
                    start_page = self.page - self.plus
                    end_page = self.page + self.plus

        # 页码
        page_str_list = []

        self.query_dict.setlist(self.page_param, [1])
        page_str_list.append('<li><a href="?{}">首页</a></li>'.format(self.query_dict.urlencode()))

        # 上一页
        if self.page > 1:
            self.query_dict.setlist(self.page_param, [self.page - 1])
            prev = '<li><a href="?{}">上一页</a></li>'.format(self.query_dict.urlencode())
        else:
            self.query_dict.setlist(self.page_param, [1])
            prev = '<li><a href="?{}">上一页</a></li>'.format(self.query_dict.urlencode())
        page_str_list.append(prev)

        # 页面
        for i in range(start_page, end_page + 1):
            self.query_dict.setlist(self.page_param, [i])
            if i == self.page:
                ele = '<li class="active"><a href="?{}">{}</a></li>'.format(self.query_dict.urlencode(), i)
            else:
                ele = '<li><a href="?{}">{}</a></li>'.format(self.query_dict.urlencode(), i)
            page_str_list.append(ele)

        # 下一页
        if self.page < self.total_page_count:
            self.query_dict.setlist(self.page_param, [self.page + 1])
            prev = '<li><a href="?{}">下一页</a></li>'.format(self.query_dict.urlencode())
        else:
            self.query_dict.setlist(self.page_param, [self.total_page_count])
            prev = '<li><a href="?{}">下一页</a></li>'.format(self.query_dict.urlencode())
        page_str_list.append(prev)

        # 尾页
        self.query_dict.setlist(self.page_param, [self.total_page_count])
        page_str_list.append('<li><a href="?{}">尾页</a></li>'.format(self.query_dict.urlencode()))

        search_string = """
            <li>
                <form style="float: left;margin-left: -1px" method="get">
                    <input name="page"
                           style="position: relative;float:left;display: inline-block;width: 80px;border-radius: 0;"
                           type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="页码">
                    <button style="border-radius: 0" class="btn btn-default" type="submit">跳转</button>
                </form>
            </li>
            """

        page_str_list.append(search_string)
        page_string = mark_safe("".join(page_str_list))
        return page_string

分页组件使用

视图函数页面:

# 自定义的分页组件，以后如果想要使用这个分页组件，你需要做如下几件事：

# 在视图函数中：
    def pretty_list(request):

        # 1.根据自己的情况去筛选自己的数据
        queryset = models.PrettyNum.objects.all()

        # 2.实例化分页对象
        page_object = Pagination(request, queryset)

        context = {
            "queryset": page_object.page_queryset,  # 分完页的数据
            "page_string": page_object.html()       # 生成页码
        }
        return render(request, 'pretty_list.html', context)

HTML页面:

    {% for obj in queryset %}
        {{obj.xx}}
    {% endfor %}

    <ul class="pagination">
        {{ page_string }}
    </ul>

时间插件

<link rel="stylesheet" href="static/plugins/bootstrap-3.4.1/css/bootstrap.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="static/plugins/bootstrap-datepicker/css/bootstrap-datepicker.css">


<input type="text" id="dt" class="form-control" placeholder="入职日期">



<script src="static/js/jquery-3.6.0.min.js"></script>
<script src="static/plugins/bootstrap-3.4.1/js/bootstrap.js"></script>
<script src="static/plugins/bootstrap-datepicker/js/bootstrap-datepicker.js"></script>
<script src="static/plugins/bootstrap-datepicker/locales/bootstrap-datepicker.zh-CN.min.js"></script>


<script>
    $(function () {
        $('#dt').datepicker({
            format: 'yyyy-mm-dd',
            startDate: '0',
            language: "zh-CN",
            autoclose: true
        });

    })
</script>

ModelForm和BootStrap

form中之间添加属性

class UserModelForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = models.UserInfo
        fields = ["name", "password",]
        widgets = {
            "name": forms.TextInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"}),
            "password": forms.PasswordInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"}),
            "age": forms.TextInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"}),
        }

class UserModelForm(forms.ModelForm):
    name = forms.CharField(
        min_length=3,
        label="用户名",
        widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"})
    )

    class Meta:
        model = models.UserInfo
        fields = ["name", "password", "age"]

{{form.name}}      BootStrap的input框
{{form.password}}  BootStrap的input框

重新定义init方法批量设置

class UserModelForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = models.UserInfo
        fields = ["name", "password", "age",]

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        
        # 循环ModelForm中的所有字段，给每个字段的插件设置
        for name, field in self.fields.items():
			field.widget.attrs = {
                "class": "form-control", 
                "placeholder": field.label
            }

class UserModelForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = models.UserInfo
        fields = ["name", "password", "age",]

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        
        # 循环ModelForm中的所有字段，给每个字段的插件设置
        for name, field in self.fields.items():
            # 字段中有属性，保留原来的属性，没有属性，才增加。
            if field.widget.attrs:
				field.widget.attrs["class"] = "form-control"
				field.widget.attrs["placeholder"] = field.label
            else:
                field.widget.attrs = {
                    "class": "form-control", 
                    "placeholder": field.label
                }

自定义类，然后继承

class BootStrapModelForm(forms.ModelForm):
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        # 循环ModelForm中的所有字段，给每个字段的插件设置
        for name, field in self.fields.items():
            # 字段中有属性，保留原来的属性，没有属性，才增加。
            if field.widget.attrs:
				field.widget.attrs["class"] = "form-control"
				field.widget.attrs["placeholder"] = field.label
            else:
                field.widget.attrs = {
                    "class": "form-control", 
                    "placeholder": field.label
                }

bootstrap样式继承实例

class UserEditModelForm(BootStrapModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = models.UserInfo
        fields = ["name", "password", "age",]

class BootStrap:
    bootstrap_exclude_fields = []

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        # 循环ModelForm中的所有字段，给每个字段的插件设置
        for name, field in self.fields.items():
            if name in self.bootstrap_exclude_fields:
                continue
            # 字段中有属性，保留原来的属性，没有属性，才增加。
            if field.widget.attrs:
                field.widget.attrs["class"] = "form-control"
                field.widget.attrs["placeholder"] = field.label
            else:
                field.widget.attrs = {
                    "class": "form-control",
                    "placeholder": field.label
                }


class BootStrapModelForm(BootStrap, forms.ModelForm):
    pass


class BootStrapForm(BootStrap, forms.Form):
    pass

中间件

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定义中间件类

from django.utils.deprecation import MiddlewareMixin
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse

class M1(MiddlewareMixin):
    """ 中间件1 """

    def process_request(self, request):

        # 如果方法中没有返回值（返回None），继续向后走
        # 如果有返回值 HttpResponse、render 、redirect
        print("M1.process_request")
        return HttpResponse("无权访问")

    def process_response(self, request, response):
        print("M1.process_response")
        return response


class M2(MiddlewareMixin):
    """ 中间件2 """

    def process_request(self, request):
        print("M2.process_request")

    def process_response(self, request, response):
        print("M2.process_response")
        return response

应用中间件 setings.py

MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
    'app01.middleware.auth.M1',
    'app01.middleware.auth.M2',
]

中间件实现校验登录

编写中间件

from django.utils.deprecation import MiddlewareMixin
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse, redirect


class AuthMiddleware(MiddlewareMixin):

    def process_request(self, request):
        # 0.排除那些不需要登录就能访问的页面
        #   request.path_info 获取当前用户请求的URL /login/
        if request.path_info == "/login/":
            return

        # 1.读取当前访问的用户的session信息，如果能读到，说明已登陆过，就可以继续向后走。
        info_dict = request.session.get("info")
        print(info_dict)
        if info_dict:
            return

        # 2.没有登录过，重新回到登录页面
        return redirect('/login/')

应用中间件

MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
    'app01.middleware.auth.AuthMiddleware',
]

登录与注销

cookie和session

# cookie，本质上保存在浏览器端的键值对。 
# session，保存服务器端（django是将session默认存储在数据库中）

def order_add(request):
    request.session['xx'] = 123
    
def logout(request):
	request.session.clear()

def index(request):
    info = request.session.get("info")
    if not info:
        return redirect('/login/')
    
    ...

注销

def logout(request):
    """ 注销 """

    request.session.clear()

    return redirect('/login/')

生成数字图片验证码

pip install pillow

import random
from PIL import Image, ImageDraw, ImageFont, ImageFilter


def check_code(width=120, height=30, char_length=5, font_file='Monaco.ttf', font_size=28):
    code = []
    img = Image.new(mode='RGB', size=(width, height), color=(255, 255, 255))
    draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img, mode='RGB')

    def rndChar():
        """
        生成随机字母
        :return:
        """
        return chr(random.randint(65, 90))

    def rndColor():
        """
        生成随机颜色
        :return:
        """
        return (random.randint(0, 255), random.randint(10, 255), random.randint(64, 255))

    # 写文字
    font = ImageFont.truetype(font_file, font_size)
    for i in range(char_length):
        char = rndChar()
        code.append(char)
        h = random.randint(0, 4)
        draw.text([i * width / char_length, h], char, font=font, fill=rndColor())

    # 写干扰点
    for i in range(40):
        draw.point([random.randint(0, width), random.randint(0, height)], fill=rndColor())

    # 写干扰圆圈
    for i in range(40):
        draw.point([random.randint(0, width), random.randint(0, height)], fill=rndColor())
        x = random.randint(0, width)
        y = random.randint(0, height)
        draw.arc((x, y, x + 4, y + 4), 0, 90, fill=rndColor())

    # 画干扰线
    for i in range(5):
        x1 = random.randint(0, width)
        y1 = random.randint(0, height)
        x2 = random.randint(0, width)
        y2 = random.randint(0, height)

        draw.line((x1, y1, x2, y2), fill=rndColor())

    img = img.filter(ImageFilter.EDGE_ENHANCE_MORE)
    return img, ''.join(code)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    img, code_str = check_code()
    print(code_str)

    with open('code.png', 'wb') as f:
        img.save(f, format='png')

ajax请求

$.ajax({
    url:"发送的地址",
    type:"get",
    data:{
        n1:123,
        n2:456
    },
    success:function(res){
        console.log(res);
    }
})

GET请求

$.ajax({
    url: '/task/ajax/',
    type: "get",
    data: {
        n1: 123,
        n2: 456
    },
    success: function (res) {
        console.log(res);
    }
})

from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse

def task_ajax(request):
    print(request.GET)
    return HttpResponse("成功了")

POST请求

$.ajax({
    url: '/task/ajax/',
    type: "get",
    data: {
        n1: 123,
        n2: 456
    },
    success: function (res) {
        console.log(res);
    }
})

from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse
from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt


@csrf_exempt
def task_ajax(request):
    print(request.GET)
    print(request.POST)
    return HttpResponse("成功了")

绑定事件

{% extends 'layout.html' %}


{% block content %}
    <div class="container">
        <h1>任务管理</h1>

        <h3>示例1</h3>
        <input id="btn1" type="button" class="btn btn-primary" value="点击"/>

    </div>
{% endblock %}

{% block js %}
    <script type="text/javascript">
        $(function () {
            // 页面框架加载完成之后代码自动执行
            bindBtn1Event();

        })

        function bindBtn1Event() {
            $("#btn1").click(function () {
                $.ajax({
                    url: '/task/ajax/',
                    type: "post",
                    data: {
                        n1: 123,
                        n2: 456
                    },
                    success: function (res) {
                        console.log(res);
                    }
                })
            })
        }

    </script>
{% endblock %}

ajax请求返回值接受

{% extends 'layout.html' %}


{% block content %}
    <div class="container">
        <h1>任务管理</h1>

        <h3>示例1</h3>
        <input id="btn1" type="button" class="btn btn-primary" value="点击"/>

    </div>
{% endblock %}

{% block js %}
    <script type="text/javascript">
        $(function () {
            // 页面框架加载完成之后代码自动执行
            bindBtn1Event();

        })

        function bindBtn1Event() {
            $("#btn1").click(function () {
                $.ajax({
                    url: '/task/ajax/',
                    type: "post",
                    data: {
                        n1: 123,
                        n2: 456
                    },
                    dataType: "JSON",
                    success: function (res) {
                        console.log(res);
                        console.log(res.status);
                        console.log(res.data);
                    }
                })
            })
        }

    </script>
{% endblock %}

import json
from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse
from django.http import JsonResponse
from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt


def task_list(request):
    """ 任务列表 """
    return render(request, "task_list.html")


@csrf_exempt
def task_ajax(request):
    print(request.GET)
    print(request.POST)

    data_dict = {"status": True, 'data': [11, 22, 33, 44]}
    return HttpResponse(json.dumps(data_dict))

jquery修改标签内容

- 本质上：找到标签；操作标签。

- 找标签
	$("#x1")
	$(".x1")
	$("div")
	
	$("input[type='text']")   找到 input 标签且 type='text'
- 操作标签
	$("#x1").text()            <div id='x1'>dd</div>
	$("#x1").text("xxx")       <div id='x1'>xxx</div>
	
	$("#x1").val()             <input id='x1' />
	$("#x1").val("xxx")        <input id='x1' />
	
	$("#x1").attr("uu")           <div id='x1' uu="123">dd</div>
	$("#x1").attr("uu","999")     <div id='x1' uu="999">dd</div>
	
	$("#x1").empty()          <div id='x1'>dd</div>  - 清空内容
	$("#x1").remove()         <div id='x1'>dd</div>  - 整个标签删除

文件上传

基本操作

<form method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
    {% csrf_token %}
    <input type="text" name="username">
    <input type="file" name="avatar">
    <input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>

from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse


def upload_list(request):
    if request.method == "GET":
        return render(request, 'upload_list.html')

    # # 'username': ['big666']
    # print(request.POST)  # 请求体中数据
    # # {'avatar': [<InMemoryUploadedFile: 图片 1.png (image/png)>]}>
    # print(request.FILES)  # 请求发过来的文件 {}

    file_object = request.FILES.get("avatar")
    # print(file_object.name)  # 文件名：WX20211117-222041@2x.png

    f = open(file_object.name, mode='wb')
    for chunk in file_object.chunks():
        f.write(chunk)
    f.close()
    return HttpResponse("...")

批量上传文件至数据库案例

{% extends 'layout.html' %}


{% block content %}

    <div class="container">
        <div class="panel panel-default">
            <div class="panel-heading">
                <h3 class="panel-title"> {{ title }} </h3>
            </div>
            <div class="panel-body">
                <form method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data" novalidate >
                    {% csrf_token %}

                    {% for field in form %}
                        <div class="form-group">
                            <label>{{ field.label }}</label>
                            {{ field }}
                            <span style="color: red;">{{ field.errors.0 }}</span>
                        </div>
                    {% endfor %}

                    <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">提 交</button>
                </form>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>

{% endblock %}

from django import forms
from app01.utils.bootstrap import BootStrapForm


class UpForm(BootStrapForm):
    bootstrap_exclude_fields = ['img']

    name = forms.CharField(label="姓名")
    age = forms.IntegerField(label="年龄")
    img = forms.FileField(label="头像")


def upload_form(request):
    title = "Form上传"
    if request.method == "GET":
        form = UpForm()
        return render(request, 'upload_form.html', {"form": form, "title": title})

    form = UpForm(data=request.POST, files=request.FILES)
    if form.is_valid():
        # {'name': '武沛齐', 'age': 123, 'img': <InMemoryUploadedFile: 图片 1.png (image/png)>}
        # 1.读取图片内容，写入到文件夹中并获取文件的路径。
        image_object = form.cleaned_data.get("img")

        # file_path = "app01/static/img/{}".format(image_object.name)
        db_file_path = os.path.join("static", "img", image_object.name)

        file_path = os.path.join("app01", db_file_path)
        f = open(file_path, mode='wb')
        for chunk in image_object.chunks():
            f.write(chunk)
        f.close()

        # 2.将图片文件路径写入到数据库
        models.Boss.objects.create(
            name=form.cleaned_data['name'],
            age=form.cleaned_data['age'],
            img=db_file_path,
        )
        return HttpResponse("...")
    return render(request, 'upload_form.html', {"form": form, "title": title})

启用media

urls.py操作

from django.urls import path, re_path
from django.views.static import serve
from django.conf import settings

urlpatterns = [
	re_path(r'^media/(?P<path>.*)$', serve, {'document_root': settings.MEDIA_ROOT}, name='media'),
]

settings.py

import os

MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "media")
MEDIA_URL = "/media/"

在这里插入图片描述

混合数据保存数据库案例

models.py

class City(models.Model):
    """ 城市 """
    name = models.CharField(verbose_name="名称", max_length=32)
    count = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="人口")

    # 本质上数据库也是CharField，自动保存数据。
    img = models.FileField(verbose_name="Logo", max_length=128, upload_to='city/')

ModelForm

from app01.utils.bootstrap import BootStrapModelForm


class UpModelForm(BootStrapModelForm):
    bootstrap_exclude_fields = ['img']

    class Meta:
        model = models.City
        fields = "__all__"

视图函数

def upload_modal_form(request):
    """ 上传文件和数据（modelForm）"""
    title = "ModelForm上传文件"
    if request.method == "GET":
        form = UpModelForm()
        return render(request, 'upload_form.html', {"form": form, 'title': title})

    form = UpModelForm(data=request.POST, files=request.FILES)
    if form.is_valid():
        # 对于文件：自动保存；
        # 字段 + 上传路径写入到数据库
        form.save()
        
        return HttpResponse("成功")
    return render(request, 'upload_form.html', {"form": form, 'title': title})

在这里插入图片描述

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课程来源:

课程链接与学习资料推荐

django入门课程

django入门项目开发

django进阶项目（增删改查、权限）

前后端分离的项目： django + drf框架 + vue.js

前端基础

项目部署

新建django项目

创建app

注册app

数据库配置

数据库表格创建

django为数据库自动建表

静态文件管理

django实例

模板继承

Form表单

ModelForm表单

数据库筛选

分页操作

分页逻辑

bootstrap分页封装

分页组件使用

时间插件

ModelForm和BootStrap

form中之间添加属性

重新定义init方法批量设置

自定义类，然后继承

中间件

定义中间件类

应用中间件 setings.py

中间件实现校验登录

登录与注销

生成数字图片验证码

ajax请求

GET请求

POST请求

绑定事件

ajax请求返回值接受

jquery修改标签内容

文件上传

基本操作

批量上传文件至数据库案例

启用media

混合数据保存数据库案例

加油小黑黑，准备学前端基础，没事的时候多学习积蓄力量！