【Python】部署Rabbitmq消息队列实现生产和消费

原文作者：我辈李想
版权声明：文章原创，转载时请务必加上原文超链接、作者信息和本声明。

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前言

Rabbitmq消息队列，Windows安装RabbitMQ教程

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一、基础的生产者消费者

Rabbitmq和kafka消息队列都是一样的，使用时需要生产者和消费者。

# !/usr/bin/env python
import pika

# ######################### 生产者 #########################
# 如果设置密码，那么就需要加以下一句话配置用户名与密码
credentials = pika.PlainCredentials("root", "123")
# host:ip地址 credentials:链接凭证
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
    host='localhost', credentials=credentials))
# 声明一个channel，类似数据库打开一个链接
channel = connection.channel()
# 创建一个队列，队列名称叫做hello
channel.queue_declare(queue='hello')
# 向hello这个队列里发送一个Hello World!   exchange:如果当做一个普通队列，就为空
channel.basic_publish(exchange='', routing_key='hello', body='Hello World!')
print(" [x] Sent 'Hello World!'")
connection.close()

消费者

# !/usr/bin/env python
import pika

# ########################## 消费者 ##########################
# 如果设置密码，那么就需要加以下一句话配置用户名与密码
credentials = pika.PlainCredentials("root", "123")
# host:ip地址 credentials:链接凭证
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
    host='localhost', credentials=credentials))

channel = connection.channel()


# channel.queue_declare(queue='hello')

def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
    print(" [x] Received %r" % body)
    # 取一个就关掉的方法
    channel.stop_consuming()


# 去hello队列里拿数据，一但有数据，就执行callback
channel.basic_consume(callback, queue='hello', no_ack=True)

print(' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C')
# 开始去取得意思【表示一直去队列中取会夯住】注意可以去一个就关掉
channel.start_consuming()

二、ACK消息确认机制

ACK机制是消费者从RabbitMQ收到消息并处理完成后，反馈给RabbitMQ，RabbitMQ收到反馈后才将次消息从队列中删除。

生产者

# !/usr/bin/env python
import pika

# ######################### 生产者 #########################
# 如果设置密码，那么就需要加以下一句话配置用户名与密码
credentials = pika.PlainCredentials("root", "123")
# host:ip地址 credentials:链接凭证
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
    host='localhost', credentials=credentials))
# 声明一个channel，类似数据库打开一个链接
channel = connection.channel()
# 创建一个队列，队列名称叫做hello
channel.queue_declare(queue='hello')
# 向hello这个队列里发送一个Hello World!   exchange:如果当做一个普通队列，就为空
channel.basic_publish(exchange='', routing_key='hello', body='Hello World!')
print(" [x] Sent 'Hello World!'")
connection.close()

消费者

# !/usr/bin/env python
import pika

# ########################## 消费者 ##########################
# 如果设置密码，那么就需要加以下一句话配置用户名与密码
credentials = pika.PlainCredentials("root", "123")
# host:ip地址 credentials:链接凭证
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
    host='localhost', credentials=credentials))

channel = connection.channel()


# channel.queue_declare(queue='hello')

def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
    print(" [x] Received %r" % body)
    # 取值做确认工作
    ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag=method.deliver_tag)


# 去hello队列里拿数据，一但有数据，就执行callback,
# no_ack=Flask必须在取值时做确认工作，否则值不会被取出
channel.basic_consume(callback, queue='hello', no_ack=False)

print(' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C')
# 开始去取得意思【表示一直去队列中取会夯住】注意可以去一个就关掉
channel.start_consuming()

三、类的写法

这个类使用 pika 库进行与 RabbitMQ 的通信。当你使用 send_message() 或 receive_message() 、consume_messages方法时，Channel 对象必须是打开的。如果没有连接或者通道没有打开，这些方法将引发 ValueError 异常。

1.新建MyRabbitMQ.py文件

文件包含rabbitmq的类，类中包含连接到RabbitMQ，并在连接对象上创建一个管道，然后就可以使用send_message()和receive_message()方法、consume_messages发送和接收消息，接收消息会调用回调方法。

下面是一个带有消费回调的完整 RabbitMQ 类

import pika
import time

class RabbitMQ:
    def __init__(self, host, port, username, password):
        self.host = host
        self.port = port
        self.username = username
        self.password = password
        self.connection = None
        self.channel = None

    def connect(self, timeout=10):
        credentials = pika.PlainCredentials(self.username, self.password)
        parameters = pika.ConnectionParameters(host=self.host,
                                               port=self.port,
                                               credentials=credentials)
        start_time = time.time()
        while time.time() - start_time < timeout:
            try:
                self.connection = pika.BlockingConnection(parameters)
                self.channel = self.connection.channel()
                return True
            except pika.exceptions.AMQPConnectionError:
                time.sleep(1)
        return False

    def send_message(self, exchange, routing_key, message):
        try:
            self.channel.basic_publish(exchange=exchange,
                                       routing_key=routing_key,
                                       body=message,
                                       properties=pika.BasicProperties(delivery_mode=2))
        except AttributeError:
            raise ValueError("Channel is not open. Call connect() before send_message().")

    def receive_message(self, queue, auto_ack=False):
        try:
            method_frame, properties, body = self.channel.basic_get(queue=queue, auto_ack=auto_ack)
            if method_frame:
                return body.decode('utf-8')
            else:
                return None
        except AttributeError:
            raise ValueError("Channel is not open. Call connect() before receive_message().")

    def consume_messages(self, queue, callback):
        try:
            self.channel.basic_consume(queue=queue, on_message_callback=callback, auto_ack=True)
            self.channel.start_consuming()
        except AttributeError:
            raise ValueError("Channel is not open. Call connect() before consume_messages().")
    
    def create_queue(self, name):
        try:
            self.channel.queue_declare(queue=name, durable=True)
        except AttributeError:
            raise ValueError("Channel is not open. Call connect() before create_queue().")

    def bind_queue(self, queue, exchange, routing_key):
        try:
            self.channel.queue_bind(queue=queue, exchange=exchange, routing_key=routing_key)
        except AttributeError:
            raise ValueError("Channel is not open. Call connect() before bind_queue().")

    def close(self):
        try:
            self.connection.close()
        except AttributeError:
            raise ValueError("Connection is not open. Call connect() before close().")

2.基础RabiitMQ

基于队列_生产

创建RabiitMQ_生产.py文件，内容如下:

from MyRabbitMQ import RabbitMQ

if __name__ == '__main__':
    print('RabbitMQ生产')
    my_host = '127.0.0.1'
    my_username = 'guest'
    my_password = 'guest'
    my_queue = 'hello'
    my_exchange = 'BBB'
    my_routing_key = 'hello'

    rabbitmq = RabbitMQ(my_host, 5672, my_username, my_password)
    if rabbitmq.connect():
        rabbitmq.create_queue(my_queue)
        rabbitmq.send_message('', my_queue, message='开始了')
    else:
        print("Failed to connect to RabbitMQ.")

基于队列_消费

from MyRabbitMQ import RabbitMQ

if __name__ == '__main__':
    print('RabbitMQ消费')
    my_host = '127.0.0.1'
    my_username = 'guest'
    my_password = 'guest'
    my_queue = 'hello'
    my_exchange = 'BBB'
    my_routing_key = 'hello'


    def callback(channel, method, properties, body):
        print("Received message: %s" % body.decode('utf-8'))
        channel.basic_ack(delivery_tag=method.delivery_tag)


    rabbitmq = RabbitMQ(my_host, 5672, my_username, my_password)
    if rabbitmq.connect():
        rabbitmq.create_queue(my_queue)
        rabbitmq.consume_messages(my_queue, callback)
    else:
        print("Failed to connect to RabbitMQ.")

在此例中，当一个新的消息从名为 my_queue 的队列中接收时，回调函数 callback 将被调用并打印消息内容。

注意：如果你的回调函数需要执行较复杂的操作（例如长时间运行或使用多线程），则你应该确保它是线程安全的，并且在操作完成后调用 ch.basic_ack，这样 RabbitMQ 就知道消息已经被处理并可以将其从队列中删除。

3.发布订阅

基于exchangs交换机的生产者

from MyRabbitMQ import RabbitMQ

if __name__ == '__main__':
    print('RabbitMQ消费')
    my_host = '127.0.0.1'
    my_username = 'guest'
    my_password = 'guest'
    my_queue = 'hello'
    my_exchange = 'BBB'
    my_routing_key = 'hello'


    rabbitmq = RabbitMQ(my_host, 5672, my_username, my_password)
    if rabbitmq.connect():
		rabbitmq.send_message(my_exchange, my_routing_key, message='开始了')
    else:
        print("Failed to connect to RabbitMQ.")

基于exchangs交换机的消费者

from MyRabbitMQ import RabbitMQ

if __name__ == '__main__':
    print('RabbitMQ消费')
    my_host = '127.0.0.1'
    my_username = 'guest'
    my_password = 'guest'
    my_queue = 'hello'
    my_exchange = 'BBB'
    my_routing_key = 'hello'


    def callback(channel, method, properties, body):
        print("Received message: %s" % body.decode('utf-8'))
        channel.basic_ack(delivery_tag=method.delivery_tag)


    rabbitmq = RabbitMQ(my_host, 5672, my_username, my_password)
    if rabbitmq.connect():
        rabbitmq.create_queue(my_queue)
        # rabbitmq.send_message(my_exchange, my_routing_key, message='开始了')
        rabbitmq.bind_queue(my_queue, my_exchange, my_routing_key)
        rabbitmq.consume_messages(my_queue, callback)
    else:
        print("Failed to connect to RabbitMQ.")

4.多次执行RabiitMQ_生产

四、多消息队列

import pika
import random
from retry import retry
def on_message(channel, method_frame, header_frame, body)
    print(method_frame.delivery_tag)
    print(body)
    print(header_frame)
    channel.basic_ack(delivery_tag=method_frame.delivery_tag)

node1 = pika.URLParameters('amqp://node1')
node2 = pika.URLParameters('amqp://node2')
node3 = pika.URLParameters('amqp://node3')
all_endpoints = [node1, node2, node3]

@retry(pika.exceptions.AMQPConnectionError, delay=5, jitter(1, 3)
def consume():
    random.shuffle(all_endpoints)
    connection = pika.BlockingConnection(all_endpoints)
    channel = connection.channel()
    channel.basic_qos(prefetch_count=1)
    channel.queue_declare('recovery-example', durable=False, auto_delete=True)
    channel.basic_consume('recovery-example', on_message)
    try:
        channel.start_consuming()
    except KeyboardInterrupt:
        channel.stop_consuming()
        connection.close()
    except pika.excaptions.ConnectionClosedByBroker:
        continue
consume()

五、异常处理

from pika.exceptions import ChannelClosed
from pika.exceptions import ConnectionClosed

    try:
        mq.start_consuming_message()
    except ConnectionClosed as e:
        mq.clear()
        mq.reconnect(queue_oname, exchange, route_key, is_use_rabbitpy=1)
        mq.start_consuming_message()
    except ChannelClosed as e:
        mq.clear()
        mq.reconnect(queue_oname, exchange, route_key, is_use_rabbitpy=1)
        mq.start_consuming_message()

1. 死信队列

死信队列就是备份队列，rabbitMQ有，kafka还没有