.Net Core webapi RestFul 统一接口数据返回格式

在RestFul风格盛行的年代，大部分接口都需要一套统一的数据返回格式，那么我们怎么才能保证使用统一的json数据格式返回呢，下面给大家简单介绍一下：

假如我们需要接口统一返回一下数据格式：

{
  "statusCode": 200,
  "successful": true,
  "message": null,
  "data": {
    "name": "张三",
    "age": 0,
    "address": null,
    "sex": null,
    "phoneNum": null,
    "email": null
  }
}

json对象中data是返回的实际结果对象，可以是一个对象、一个list、一个字符串、一个数字......

但是整体的json格式要以上面的为准

一般这种情况我们有两种实现方式：

1、自定义一个统一返回类

2、使用过滤器(Filter)实现

下面先介绍第一种，自定义一个接口返回类：

创建对应的接口和实现类

• ApiResponse.cs//实现类
• IApiResponse.cs://几个相关的接口

IApiResponse.cs

    public interface IApiResponse
    {
        public int StatusCode { get; set; }
        public bool Successful { get; set; }
        public string? Message { get; set; }
    }

    public interface IApiResponse<T> : IApiResponse
    {
        public T? Data { get; set; }
    }

    public interface IApiErrorResponse
    {
        public Dictionary<string, object> ErrorData { get; set; }
    }

保证了所有相关对象都来自?IApiResponse?接口

ApiResponse.cs

    public class ApiResponse<T> : IApiResponse<T>
    {
        public ApiResponse()
        {
        }

        public ApiResponse(T? data)
        {
            Data = data;
        }

        public int StatusCode { get; set; } = 200;
        public bool Successful { get; set; } = true;
        public string? Message { get; set; }

        public T? Data { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// 实现将 <see cref="ApiResponse"/> 隐式转换为 <see cref="ApiResponse{T}"/>
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="apiResponse"><see cref="ApiResponse"/></param>
        public static implicit operator ApiResponse<T>(ApiResponse apiResponse)
        {
            return new ApiResponse<T>
            {
                StatusCode = apiResponse.StatusCode,
                Successful = apiResponse.Successful,
                Message = apiResponse.Message
            };
        }
    }


    public class ApiResponse : IApiResponse, IApiErrorResponse
    {
        public int StatusCode { get; set; } = 200;
        public bool Successful { get; set; } = true;
        public string? Message { get; set; }
        public object? Data { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// 可序列化的错误
        /// <para>用于保存模型验证失败的错误信息</para>
        /// </summary>
        public Dictionary<string, object>? ErrorData { get; set; }

        public ApiResponse()
        {
        }

        public ApiResponse(object data)
        {
            Data = data;
        }

        public static ApiResponse NoContent(string message = "NoContent")
        {
            return new ApiResponse
            {
                StatusCode = StatusCodes.Status204NoContent,
                Successful = true,
                Message = message
            };
        }

        public static ApiResponse Ok(string message = "Ok")
        {
            return new ApiResponse
            {
                StatusCode = StatusCodes.Status200OK,
                Successful = true,
                Message = message
            };
        }

        public static ApiResponse Ok(object data, string message = "Ok")
        {
            return new ApiResponse
            {
                StatusCode = StatusCodes.Status200OK,
                Successful = true,
                Message = message,
                Data = data
            };
        }

        public static ApiResponse Unauthorized(string message = "Unauthorized")
        {
            return new ApiResponse
            {
                StatusCode = StatusCodes.Status401Unauthorized,
                Successful = false,
                Message = message
            };
        }

        public static ApiResponse NotFound(string message = "NotFound")
        {
            return new ApiResponse
            {
                StatusCode = StatusCodes.Status404NotFound,
                Successful = false,
                Message = message
            };
        }

        public static ApiResponse BadRequest(string message = "BadRequest")
        {
            return new ApiResponse
            {
                StatusCode = StatusCodes.Status400BadRequest,
                Successful = false,
                Message = message
            };
        }

        public static ApiResponse BadRequest(ModelStateDictionary modelState, string message = "ModelState is not valid.")
        {
            return new ApiResponse
            {
                StatusCode = StatusCodes.Status400BadRequest,
                Successful = false,
                Message = message,
                ErrorData = new SerializableError(modelState)
            };
        }

        public static ApiResponse Error(string message = "Error", Exception? exception = null)
        {
            object? data = null;
            if (exception != null)
            {
                data = new
                {
                    exception.Message,
                    exception.Data
                };
            }

            return new ApiResponse
            {
                StatusCode = StatusCodes.Status500InternalServerError,
                Successful = false,
                Message = message,
                Data = data
            };
        }
    }

分别实现类带有泛型的?ApiResponse<T> 类和?ApiResponse 类?

注意在泛型类中，使用运算符重载，实现了?ApiResponse?到?ApiResponse<T>?的隐式转换。

在接口实现处返回一个?ApiResponse<T> 对象：

        [HttpGet]
        public ApiResponse<UserEntity> Get(string name)
        {
            var list = new List<UserEntity>() 
            {
                new UserEntity() { Name = "张三" },
                new UserEntity(){Name = "李四"}
            };
            var user = list.Find(p => p.Name == name);
            return user == null ? ApiResponse.NotFound() : new ApiResponse<UserEntity>(user);
        }

注意看最后一句?

return user == null ? ApiResponse.NotFound() : new ApiResponse<UserEntity>(user);

ApiResponse.NotFound()?返回的是一个?ApiResponse?对象

但这接口的返回值明明是?ApiResponse<UserEntity>?类型呀，这不是类型不一致吗？

不过在?ApiResponse<T>?中，我们定义了一个运算符重载，实现了?ApiResponse?类型到?ApiResponse<T>?的隐式转换，所以就完美解决这个问题，大大减少了代码量。

来看一下最后运行效果：