集群部署1.27.4（高可用）

2023-12-23 20:56:31

一、简介

二、环境准备

HostsIP
master01172.16.100.21
master02172.16.100.22
master03172.16.100.23
node01172.16.100.11
node02172.16.100.12

VIP：172.16.100.21
Service虚拟IP地址段：10.0.0.0/24
kubernetes内网地址：10.244.0.0/16

三、初始化

3.1 配置hosts

cat >> /etc/hosts <<EOF
172.16.100.11	node01
172.16.100.12	node02
172.16.100.21	master01
172.16.100.22	master02
172.16.100.23	master03
EOF

3.2 master01对所有节点免密

sshd-keygen
ssh-copy-id master01
ssh-copy-id master02
ssh-copy-id master03
ssh-copy-id node01
ssh-copy-id node02

3.3 安装所需依赖包

yum -y install wget jq psmisc vim net-tools nfs-utils telnet yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2 git network-scripts tar curl ipvsadm ipset sysstat conntrack libseccomp

3.4 关闭防火墙、SElinux、swap交换分区

# 关闭防火墙 与selinux 
systemctl disable --now firewalld 
setenforce 0
sed -i 's#SELINUX=enforcing#SELINUX=disabled#g' /etc/selinux/config
# 关闭交换分区
sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab
swapoff -a && sysctl -w vm.swappiness=0

3.5 配置系统句柄数

ulimit -SHn 65535
cat >> /etc/security/limits.conf <<EOF
* soft nofile 655360
* hard nofile 131072
* soft nproc 655350
* hard nproc 655350
* seft memlock unlimited
* hard memlock unlimitedd
EOF

3.6 配置ipvs.conf

mkdir /etc/modules-load.d/
cp /etc/modules-load.d/ipvs.conf /etc/modules-load.d/ipvs.conf.bak
cat > /etc/modules-load.d/ipvs.conf <<EOF
ipip
ip_set
ip_tables
ipt_REJECT
ipt_rpfilter
ipt_set
ip_vs
ip_vs_dh
ip_vs_fo
ip_vs_ftp
ip_vs_lblc
ip_vs_lblcr
ip_vs_lc
ip_vs_nq
ip_vs_rr
ip_vs_sed
ip_vs_sh
ip_vs_wlc
ip_vs_wrr
nf_conntrack
xt_set
EOF

systemctl restart systemd-modules-load.service
lsmod | grep -e ip_vs -e nf_conntrack

3.7 修改内核参数

cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf <<EOF
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
vm.overcommit_memory = 1
vm.panic_on_oom = 0
fs.inotify.max_user_watches = 89100
fs.file-max = 52706963
fs.nr_open = 52706963
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max = 2310720
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 600
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes = 3
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl = 15
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 36000
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 327680
net.ipv4.tcp_orphan_retries = 3
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 16384
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
net.core.somaxconn = 16384
net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6 = 0
net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6 = 0
net.ipv6.conf.lo.disable_ipv6 = 0
net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding = 1
EOF

sysctl --system

四、高可用搭建(keeplived、haproxy)

4.1 keeplived

4.1.1 安装keeplived

yum -y install keepalived

4.1.2 配置keeplived文件

#! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
   router_id directory1   #只是名字而已，辅节点改为directory2（两个名字一定不能一样）
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER        #定义主还是备，备用的话写backup
    interface ens192     #VIP绑定接口
    virtual_router_id 80  #整个集群的调度器一致（在同一个集群）
    priority 100         #（优先权）back改为50（50一间隔）
    advert_int 1         #发包
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS      #主备节点认证
        auth_pass 1111
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        172.16.100.20/24    #VIP（自己网段的）
    }

}

4.1.3 启动

systemctl restart keeplived
systemctl enable keeplived
systemctl status keeplived

4.2 HAproxy

4.2.1 安装HAproxy

yum -y install HAproxy

4.2.2 配置HAproxy文件

global
    log         127.0.0.1 local2
    chroot      /var/lib/haproxy
    pidfile     /var/run/haproxy.pid
    maxconn     4000
    user        haproxy
    group       haproxy
    daemon
    stats socket /var/lib/haproxy/stats
defaults
    mode                    http
    log                     global
    option                  httplog
    option                  dontlognull
    option http-server-close
    option forwardfor       except 127.0.0.0/8
    option                  redispatch
    retries                 3
    timeout http-request    10s
    timeout queue           1m
    timeout connect         10s
    timeout client          1m
    timeout server          1m
    timeout http-keep-alive 10s
    timeout check           10s
    maxconn                 3000
frontend  main *:5000
    acl url_static       path_beg       -i /static /images /javascript /stylesheets
    acl url_static       path_end       -i .jpg .gif .png .css .js
    use_backend static          if url_static
    default_backend             k8s-master
backend static
    balance     roundrobin
    server      static 127.0.0.1:6443 check
backend k8s-master
    balance     roundrobin
    server  master01 172.16.100.21:6443 check
    server  master02 172.16.100.22:6443 check
    server  master03 172.16.100.23:6443 check

4.1.3 启动

systemctl restart haproxy
systemctl enable haproxy
systemctl status haproxy

五、containerd部署

5.1 加载 containerd模块

cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/modules-load.d/containerd.conf
overlay
br_netfilter
EOF
systemctl restart systemd-modules-load.service
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/99-kubernetes-cri.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables  = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward                 = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
EOF
 # 加载内核
sysctl --system

5.2 yum安装container

yum-config-manager --add-repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
sed -i 's+download.docker.com+mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce+' /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
查看YUM源中Containerd软件
yum list | grep containerd
下载安装：
yum install -y containerd.io
#生成containerd的配置文件
mkdir /etc/containerd -p 
#生成配置文件
containerd config default > /etc/containerd/config.toml
#编辑配置文件
sed -i "s/SystemdCgroup = .*/SystemdCgroup = true/" /etc/containerd/config.toml
sed -i 's#sandbox_image = .*#sandbox_image = \"registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.6\"#' /etc/containerd/config.toml

systemctl enable containerd
systemctl restart containerd
ctr version
runc -version

5.3 安装crictl

tar -zxf crictl-v1.27.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz  && mv crictl /usr/bin
cat > /etc/crictl.yaml << EOF
runtime-endpoint: unix:///run/containerd/containerd.sock
image-endpoint: unix:///run/containerd/containerd.sock
EOF

六、etcd部署

6.1 生成证书

mkdir -p ~/TLS/{etcd,k8s}
cd ~/TLS/etcd
#自签CA：
cat > ca-config.json << EOF
{
  "signing": {
    "default": {
      "expiry": "876000h"
    },
    "profiles": {
      "www": {
         "expiry": "876000h",
         "usages": [
            "signing",
            "key encipherment",
            "server auth",
            "client auth"
        ]
      }
    }
  }
}
EOF
cat > ca-csr.json << EOF
{
    "CN": "etcd CA",
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "Guangdong",
            "ST": "Guangdong"
        }
    ]
}
EOF
#生成证书：
cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -
#会生成ca.pem和ca-key.pem文件
#使用自签CA签发Etcd HTTPS证书
#创建证书申请文件：
cat > server-csr.json << EOF
{
    "CN": "etcd",
    "hosts": [
    "172.16.100.20",
    "172.16.100.21",
    "172.16.100.22",
    "172.16.100.23"
       ],
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "Guangdong",
            "ST": "Guangdong"
        }
    ]
}
EOF
#注：上述文件hosts字段中IP为所有etcd节点的集群内部通信IP，一个都不能少！为了方便后期扩容可以多写几个预留的IP。
#生成证书：
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=www server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server
#会生成server.pem和server-key.pem文件。

6.2 解压安装包并传输

1. Etcd 的概念：
Etcd 是一个分布式键值存储系统，Kubernetes使用Etcd进行数据存储，所以先准备一个Etcd数据库，为解决Etcd单点故障，应采用集群方式部署，这里使用3台组建集群，可容忍1台机器故障，当然，你也可以使用5台组建集群，可容忍2台机器故障。
下载地址： https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases
以下在节点pc1上操作
2. 安装配置etcd
mkdir /opt/etcd/{bin,cfg,ssl} -p
tar zxvf etcd-v3.5.8-linux-amd64.tar.gz
mv etcd-v3.5.8-linux-amd64/{etcd,etcdctl} /opt/etcd/bin/

6.3 etcd配置文件

######不同节点更改ETCD_NAME、ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS、ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS、ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS、ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS

#pc-1 etcd 配置文件
cat > /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf << EOF
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd-1"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/opt/etcd/data"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="http://172.16.100.21:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="http://172.16.100.21:2379"
#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="http://172.16.100.21:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="http://172.16.100.21:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd-1=http://172.16.100.21:2380,etcd-2=http://172.16.100.22:2380,etcd-3=http://172.16.100.23:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
EOF

6.4 拷贝证书

#拷贝刚才生成的证书
#把刚才生成的证书拷贝到配置文件中的路径：
cp ~/TLS/etcd/ca*pem ~/TLS/etcd/server*pem /opt/etcd/ssl/

6.5 systemd管理etcd

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Etcd Server
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target
[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=/opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf
ExecStart=/opt/etcd/bin/etcd \
--cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--peer-cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--peer-key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--peer-trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--logger=zap
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

#启动etcd:
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart etcd
systemctl enable etcd

6.6 检查

ETCDCTL_API=3 /opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl --cacert=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --cert=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem --key=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem --endpoints="http://172.16.100.21:2379,http://172.16.100.22:2379,http://172.16.100.23:2379" endpoint health --write-out=table

七、kubernetes组件部署（1.27.x）

7.1 部署kube-apiserver（master）

7.1.1生成证书(master01)

cd ~/TLS/k8s
cat > ca-config.json << EOF
{
  "signing": {
    "default": {
      "expiry": "876000h"
    },
    "profiles": {
      "kubernetes": {
         "expiry": "876000h",
         "usages": [
            "signing",
            "key encipherment",
            "server auth",
            "client auth"
        ]
      }
    }
  }
}
EOF
cat > ca-csr.json << EOF
{
    "CN": "kubernetes",
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "Guangdong",
            "ST": "Guangdong",
            "O": "k8s",
            "OU": "System"
        }
    ]
}
EOF
#生成证书：
cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -
#会生成ca.pem和ca-key.pem文件。
#使用自签CA签发kube-apiserver HTTPS证书
#创建证书申请文件：
cat > server-csr.json << EOF
{
    "CN": "kubernetes",
    "hosts": [
      "172.16.100.20",
      "172.16.100.21",
      "172.16.100.22",
      "172.16.100.23",
      "10.0.0.1",
      "kubernetes",
      "kubernetes.default",
      "kubernetes.default.svc",
      "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster",
      "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local"
    ],
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "Guangdong",
            "ST": "Guangdong",
            "O": "k8s",
            "OU": "System"
        }
    ]
}
EOF
#注：上述文件hosts字段中IP为所有Master/LB/VIP IP，一个都不能少！为了方便后期扩容可以多写几个预留的IP。
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server
#会生成server.pem和server-key.pem文件。

7.1.2 解压copy文件到安装路径

cd ~/k8s_file
mkdir -p /opt/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl,logs} 
tar -zxf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
cd kubernetes/server/bin
cp kube-apiserver kube-scheduler kube-controller-manager /opt/kubernetes/bin
cp kubectl /usr/bin/

7.1.3 kube-apiserver配置文件

###不同得masterIP需要更改–bind-address、–advertise-address

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver.conf << EOF
-----
KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS="--enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,NodeRestriction,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,ResourceQuota \
--v=2 \
--etcd-servers=http://172.16.100.21:2379,http://172.16.100.22:2379,http://172.16.100.23:2379 \
--bind-address=172.16.100.21 \
--secure-port=6443 \
--advertise-address=172.16.100.21 \
--allow-privileged=true \
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \
--authorization-mode=RBAC,Node \
--enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true \
--token-auth-file=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv \
--service-node-port-range=30000-32767 \
--kubelet-client-certificate=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem \
--kubelet-client-key=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \
--tls-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem \
--tls-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \
--client-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--service-account-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \
--service-account-issuer=api \
--service-account-signing-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \
--etcd-cafile=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--etcd-certfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--etcd-keyfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--requestheader-client-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--proxy-client-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem \
--proxy-client-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \
--requestheader-allowed-names=kubernetes \
--requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra- \
--requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group \
--requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User \
--enable-aggregator-routing=true \
--audit-log-maxage=30 \
--audit-log-maxbackup=3 \
--audit-log-maxsize=100 \
--service-account-issuer=https://kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local \
--kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname \
--audit-log-path=/opt/kubernetes/logs/k8s-audit.log"
------
EOF
注：上面两个\ \ 第一个是转义符，第二个是换行符，使用转义符是为了使用EOF保留换行符。
? ---v：日志等级
? --etcd-servers：etcd集群地址
? --bind-address：监听地址
? --secure-port：https安全端口
? --advertise-address：集群通告地址
? --allow-privileged：启用授权
? --service-cluster-ip-range：Service虚拟IP地址段
? --enable-admission-plugins：准入控制模块
? --authorization-mode：认证授权，启用RBAC授权和节点自管理
? --enable-bootstrap-token-auth：启用TLS bootstrap机制
? --token-auth-file：bootstrap token文件
? --service-node-port-range：Service nodeport类型默认分配端口范围
? --kubelet-client-xxx：apiserver访问kubelet客户端证书
? --tls-xxx-file：apiserver https证书
? 1.20版本必须加的参数：--service-account-issuer，--service-account-signing-key-file
? --etcd-xxxfile：连接Etcd集群证书
? --audit-log-xxx：审计日志
? 启动聚合层相关配置：--requestheader-client-ca-file，--proxy-client-cert-file，--proxy-client-key-file，--requestheader-allowed-names，--requestheader-extra-headers-prefix，--requestheader-group-headers，--requestheader-username-headers，--enable-aggregator-routing

7.1.4 拷贝证书

#拷贝刚才生成的证书
#把刚才生成的证书拷贝到配置文件中的路径：
cp ~/TLS/k8s/ca*pem ~/TLS/k8s/server*pem /opt/kubernetes/ssl/
scp ~/TLS/k8s/* master02:/root/TLS/k8s/
scp ~/TLS/k8s/* master03:/root/TLS/k8s/
scp ~/TLS/k8s/ca*pem ~/TLS/k8s/server*pem master02:/opt/kubernetes/ssl/
scp ~/TLS/k8s/ca*pem ~/TLS/k8s/server*pem master03:/opt/kubernetes/ssl/

7.1.5 启用TLS通信

#启用 TLS Bootstrapping 机制
TLS Bootstraping：Master apiserver启用TLS认证后，Node节点kubelet和
kube-proxy要与kube-apiserver进行通信，必须使用CA签发的有效证书才可以，
当Node节点很多时，这种客户端证书颁发需要大量工作，同样也会增加集群扩展复杂度。
为了简化流程，Kubernetes引入了TLS bootstraping机制来自动颁发客户端证书，
kubelet会以一个低权限用户自动向apiserver申请证书，
kubelet的证书由apiserver动态签署。
所以强烈建议在Node上使用这种方式，目前主要用于kubelet，kube-proxy
还是由我们统一颁发一个证书。
创建上述配置文件中token文件：
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv << EOF
6e5339f4a66f3af96f8d0d683681cf41,kubelet-bootstrap,10001,"system:node-bootstrapper"
EOF
格式：token，用户名，UID，用户组
token也可自行生成替换：
head -c 16 /dev/urandom | od -An -t x | tr -d ' '

7.1.6 systemd管理Apiserver

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-apiserver \$KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
#启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart kube-apiserver 
systemctl enable kube-apiserver

7.1.7 检查

netstat -tnlp | grep kube-apiserver
curl https://IP/

7.2 部署kube-controller-manager（master）

7.2.1 生成证书（所有master）

#生成kubeconfig文件
#生成kube-controller-manager证书：
# 切换工作目录
cd ~/TLS/k8s
# 创建证书请求文件
cat > kube-controller-manager-csr.json << EOF
{
  "CN": "system:kube-controller-manager",
  "hosts": [""],
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "L": "Guangdong", 
      "ST": "Guangdong",
      "O": "system:masters",
      "OU": "System"
    }
  ]
}
EOF
# 生成证书
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-controller-manager-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-controller-manager

7.2.2 kube-controller-manager配置文件

#部署kube-controller-manager
#1. 创建配置文件
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.conf << EOF
KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS=" \\
--v=2 \\
--leader-elect=true \\
--kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig \\
--bind-address=127.0.0.1 \\
--allocate-node-cidrs=true \\
--cluster-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 \\
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \\
--cluster-signing-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--cluster-signing-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \\
--root-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--service-account-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \\
--cluster-signing-duration=87600h0m0s"
EOF
?--kubeconfig：连接apiserver配置文件
?--leader-elect：当该组件启动多个时，自动选举（HA）
?--cluster-signing-cert-file/--cluster-signing-key-file：自动为kubelet颁发证书的CA，与apiserver保持一致

7.2.3 生成kubeconfig文件

###需要修改KUBE_APISERVER的IP地址


#生成kubeconfig文件（以下是shell命令，直接在终端执行）：
KUBE_CONFIG="/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig"
KUBE_APISERVER="https://172.16.100.23:6443"
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
  --certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-credentials kube-controller-manager \
  --client-certificate=./kube-controller-manager.pem \
  --client-key=./kube-controller-manager-key.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-context default \
  --cluster=kubernetes \
  --user=kube-controller-manager \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}

7.2.4 systemd管理controller-manager

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-controller-manager \$KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
#启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart kube-controller-manager
systemctl enable kube-controller-manager

7.2.5 检查

netstat -tnlp | grep kube-controlle

7.3 部署kube-scheduler（master01）

7.3.1 生成证书

#生成kubeconfig文件
#生成kube-scheduler证书：
# 切换工作目录
cd ~/TLS/k8s
# 创建证书请求文件
cat > kube-scheduler-csr.json << EOF
{
  "CN": "system:kube-scheduler",
  "hosts": [""],
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "L": "Guangdong",
      "ST": "Guangdong",
      "O": "system:masters",
      "OU": "System"
    }
  ]
}
EOF
# 生成证书
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-scheduler-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-scheduler

7.3.2 kube-scheduler配置文件

#部署kube-scheduler
#1. 创建配置文件
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.conf << EOF
KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS=" \\
--v=2 \\
--leader-elect \\
--kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.kubeconfig \\
--bind-address=127.0.0.1"
EOF
?--kubeconfig：连接apiserver配置文件
?--leader-elect：当该组件启动多个时，自动选举（HA）

7.3.3 生成kubeconfig文件

###需要修改KUBE_APISERVER的IP地址

#生成kubeconfig文件：
KUBE_CONFIG="/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.kubeconfig"
KUBE_APISERVER="https://172.16.100.21:6443"
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
  --certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-credentials kube-scheduler \
  --client-certificate=./kube-scheduler.pem \
  --client-key=./kube-scheduler-key.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-context default \
  --cluster=kubernetes \
  --user=kube-scheduler \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}

7.3.4 systemd管理scheduler

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Scheduler
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-scheduler \$KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
#启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart kube-scheduler
systemctl enable kube-scheduler

7.3.5 检查

netstat -tnlp | grep kube-scheduler

7.4 部署kubectl（master）

7.4.1 生成证书（所有master）

#生成kubectl连接集群的证书：
cd /root/TLS/k8s/
cat > admin-csr.json <<EOF
{
  "CN": "admin",
  "hosts": [""],
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "L": "Guangdong",
      "ST": "Guangdong",
      "O": "system:masters",
      "OU": "System"
    }
  ]
}
EOF
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes admin-csr.json | cfssljson -bare admin

7.4.2 生成kubeconfig文件

###需要修改KUBE_APISERVER的IP地址

mkdir /root/.kube
KUBE_CONFIG="/root/.kube/config"
KUBE_APISERVER="https://172.16.100.21:6443"
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
  --certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-credentials cluster-admin \
  --client-certificate=./admin.pem \
  --client-key=./admin-key.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-context default \
  --cluster=kubernetes \
  --user=cluster-admin \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}

7.4.3 查看集群组件状态

kubectl get cs

#授权kubelet-bootstrap用户允许请求证书
kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap \
--clusterrole=system:node-bootstrapper \
--user=kubelet-bootstrap

7.5 部署kubelet

拷贝命令到/usr/bin

#创建工作目录并拷贝二进制文件
cd ~/k8s_file/
cd kubernetes/server/bin/
cp kubelet kube-proxy /opt/kubernetes/bin

7.5.1 kubelet配置文件

#####更改–hostname-override

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf << EOF
------
KUBELET_OPTS=" \
--v=2 \
--hostname-override=master01 \
--kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig \
--bootstrap-kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig \
--config=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet-config.yml \
--cert-dir=/opt/kubernetes/ssl \
--runtime-request-timeout=15m \
--container-runtime-endpoint=unix:///run/containerd/containerd.sock \
--cgroup-driver=systemd \
--node-labels=node.kubernetes.io/node=''"
------
EOF

7.5.2 配置kubelet-config.yml

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet-config.yml << EOF
kind: KubeletConfiguration
apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
address: 0.0.0.0
port: 10250
readOnlyPort: 10255
cgroupDriver: cgroupfs
clusterDNS:
- 10.0.0.2
clusterDomain: cluster.local 
failSwapOn: false
authentication:
  anonymous:
    enabled: false
  webhook:
    cacheTTL: 2m0s
    enabled: true
  x509:
    clientCAFile: /opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem 
authorization:
  mode: Webhook
  webhook:
    cacheAuthorizedTTL: 5m0s
    cacheUnauthorizedTTL: 30s
evictionHard:
  imagefs.available: 15%
  memory.available: 100Mi
  nodefs.available: 10%
  nodefs.inodesFree: 5%
maxOpenFiles: 1000000
maxPods: 110
EOF

7.5.3 生成kubeconfig文件

#执行生成kubelet初次加入集群引导kubeconfig文件
KUBE_CONFIG="/opt/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig"
KUBE_APISERVER="https://172.16.100.23:6443"
#修改token
TOKEN="6e5339f4a66f3af96f8d0d683681cf41"
# 生成 kubelet bootstrap kubeconfig 配置文件
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
  --certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-credentials "kubelet-bootstrap" \
  --token=${TOKEN} \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-context default \
  --cluster=kubernetes \
  --user="kubelet-bootstrap" \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}

7.5.4 systemd管理kubelet

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kubelet
After=docker.service
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kubelet \$KUBELET_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
#启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart kubelet
systemctl enable kubelet

7.5.6 检查

kubectl get csr

#授权
kubectl certificate approve $NAME

7.6 部署kube-proxy（master01）

7.6.1 生成证书

#生成kube-proxy.kubeconfig文件
# 切换工作目录
cd ~/TLS/k8s
# 创建证书请求文件
cat > kube-proxy-csr.json << EOF
{
  "CN": "system:kube-proxy",
  "hosts": [""],
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "L": "Guangdong",
      "ST": "Guangdong",
      "O": "k8s",
      "OU": "System"
    }
  ]
}
EOF
# 生成证书
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-proxy

7.6.2 kube-proxy配置文件

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.conf << EOF
KUBE_PROXY_OPTS=" \\
--v=2 \\
--config=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml"
EOF

7.6.3 配置kube-proxy-config.yml

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml << EOF
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
bindAddress: 0.0.0.0
metricsBindAddress: 0.0.0.0:10249
clientConnection:
  kubeconfig: /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.kubeconfig
hostnameOverride: master01
clusterCIDR: 10.244.0.0/16
mode: ipvs
ipvs:
  scheduler: "rr"
iptables:
  masqueradeAll: true
EOF

7.6.4 生成kubeconfig文件

###需要修改KUBE_APISERVER的IP地址

KUBE_CONFIG="/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.kubeconfig"
KUBE_APISERVER="https://172.16.100.21:6443"
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
  --certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-credentials kube-proxy \
  --client-certificate=./kube-proxy.pem \
  --client-key=./kube-proxy-key.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-context default \
  --cluster=kubernetes \
  --user=kube-proxy \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}

7.6.5 systemd管理kube-proxy

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Proxy
After=network.target

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-proxy \$KUBE_PROXY_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
#启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart kube-proxy
systemctl enable kube-proxy

7.7 添加master

7.7.1 master上拷贝证书

scp ~/TLS/k8s/ca*pem ~/TLS/k8s/server*pem master02:/opt/kubernetes/ssl/

7.7.2 启用TLS通信

#启用 TLS Bootstrapping 机制
TLS Bootstraping：Master apiserver启用TLS认证后，Node节点kubelet和
kube-proxy要与kube-apiserver进行通信，必须使用CA签发的有效证书才可以，
当Node节点很多时，这种客户端证书颁发需要大量工作，同样也会增加集群扩展复杂度。
为了简化流程，Kubernetes引入了TLS bootstraping机制来自动颁发客户端证书，
kubelet会以一个低权限用户自动向apiserver申请证书，
kubelet的证书由apiserver动态签署。
所以强烈建议在Node上使用这种方式，目前主要用于kubelet，kube-proxy
还是由我们统一颁发一个证书。
创建上述配置文件中token文件：
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv << EOF
06b377c47a2014d888f56a23504cd713,kubelet-bootstrap,10001,"system:node-bootstrapper"
EOF
格式：token，用户名，UID，用户组
token也可自行生成替换：
head -c 16 /dev/urandom | od -An -t x | tr -d ' '

7.7.3 kube-apiserver配置文件

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver.conf << EOF
-----
KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS="--enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,NodeRestriction,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,ResourceQuota \
--v=2 \
--etcd-servers=http://172.16.100.21:2379,http://172.16.100.22:2379,http://172.16.100.23:2379 \
--bind-address=172.16.100.22 \
--secure-port=6443 \
--advertise-address=172.16.100.22 \
--allow-privileged=true \
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \
--authorization-mode=RBAC,Node \
--enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true \
--token-auth-file=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv \
--service-node-port-range=30000-32767 \
--kubelet-client-certificate=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem \
--kubelet-client-key=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \
--tls-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem \
--tls-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \
--client-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--service-account-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \
--service-account-issuer=api \
--service-account-signing-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \
--etcd-cafile=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--etcd-certfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--etcd-keyfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--requestheader-client-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--proxy-client-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem \
--proxy-client-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \
--requestheader-allowed-names=kubernetes \
--requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra- \
--requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group \
--requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User \
--enable-aggregator-routing=true \
--audit-log-maxage=30 \
--audit-log-maxbackup=3 \
--audit-log-maxsize=100 \
--service-account-issuer=https://kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local \
--kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname \
--audit-log-path=/opt/kubernetes/logs/k8s-audit.log"
------
EOF

7.7.4 systemd管理Apiserver

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-apiserver \$KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
#启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart kube-apiserver 
systemctl enable kube-apiserver

7.7.5 检查

7.8 添加work

7.8.1 拷贝文件到work节点（kubelet、kube-proxy）

scp -r /opt/kubernetes root@node01:/opt/
scp -r /usr/lib/systemd/system/{kubelet,kube-proxy}.service root@node01:/usr/lib/systemd/system
scp -r /opt/kubernetes root@node02:/opt/
scp -r /usr/lib/systemd/system/{kubelet,kube-proxy}.service root@node02:/usr/lib/systemd/system

7.8.2 更改node01

删除kubelet证书和kubeconfig文件
rm -rf /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig 
rm -rf /opt/kubernetes/ssl/kubelet*
rm -rf /opt/kubernetes/logs/*


sed -i 's/master01/node01/' /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf
sed -i 's/master01/node01/' /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart kubelet kube-proxy
systemctl enable kubelet kube-proxy

7.8.3 更改node02

删除kubelet证书和kubeconfig文件
rm -rf /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig 
rm -rf /opt/kubernetes/ssl/kubelet*
rm -rf /opt/kubernetes/logs/*


sed -i 's/master01/node02/' /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf
sed -i 's/master01/node02/' /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart kubelet kube-proxy
systemctl enable kubelet kube-proxy

7.9 在Master上批准kubelet证书申请

for kube in `kubectl get csr | grep node | awk '{print $1}'`
do
kubectl certificate approve $kube
done


#检查集群
kubectl get node

7.10 部署calico网络

网络组件有很多种，只需要部署其中一个即可，推荐Calico。
Calico是一个纯三层的数据中心网络方案，Calico支持广泛的平台，包括Kubernetes、OpenStack等。
Calico 在每一个计算节点利用 Linux Kernel 实现了一个高效的虚拟路由器（ vRouter） 来负责数据转发，而每个 vRouter 通过 BGP 协议负责把自己上运行的 workload 的路由信息向整个 Calico 网络内传播。
此外，Calico 项目还实现了 Kubernetes 网络策略，提供ACL功能。
1.下载Calico
wget https://docs.tigera.io/archive/v3.25/manifests/calico.yaml
vim calico.yaml
...
- name: CALICO_IPV4POOL_CIDR
  value: "10.244.0.0/16"
...


kubectl apply -f calico.yaml
kubectl get pod -n kube-system
kubectl get nodes


kubectl create clusterrolebinding kube-apiserver   --clusterrole=cluster-admin   --user=kube-apiserver

八、问题汇总

问题一、安装crictl后报错

image.png
解决方法：

cat > /etc/crictl.yaml << EOF
runtime-endpoint: unix:///run/containerd/containerd.sock
image-endpoint: unix:///run/containerd/containerd.sock
EOF

问题二、全授权后使用kubectl get node只有一个节点

没有图片，kube-apiserver的问题，kube-apiserver证书需要master01复制到02、03才行，如果各生成一个证书使用，则会出现问题

文章来源:https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44857388/article/details/135164602
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