浅谈WPF之控件拖拽与拖动

2023-12-13 06:08:54

使用过office的visio软件画图的小伙伴都知道,画图软件分为两部分,左侧图形库,存放各种图标,右侧是一个画布,将左侧图形库的图标控件拖拽到右侧画布,就会生成一个新的控件,并且可以自由拖动。那如何在WPF程序中,实现类似的功能呢?今天就以一个简单的小例子,简述如何在WPF中实现控件的拖拽和拖动,仅供学习分享使用,如有不足之处,还请指正。

涉及知识点

WPF控件的拖拽与拖动,主要涉及知识点如下所示:

  • 容器布局,本示例采用左右布局,主容器采用Grid并分成两列进行布局,左侧图标库采用UniformGrid布局,右侧画布采用Canvas布局。
  • 控件拖拽,当图标库中的图标控件被鼠标按下时,通过调用 DragDrop.DoDragDrop方法实现拖拽功能,并且设置画布的AllowDrop属性为true,并触发拖拽松开事件
  • 控件拖动,当图标库中的图标拖拽到新画布容器后,就会生成一个新的控件,通过属性按下事件,鼠标移动事件,鼠标升起事件,来实现控件的拖动

实现步骤

1. 页面布局

根据布局说明,页面分为左右两部分【Grid容器】,左侧图标库【UniformGrid】,右侧画布【Canvas】,如下所示:

<Window x:Class="DemoDragAndDrop.MainWindow"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        xmlns:i="http://schemas.microsoft.com/xaml/behaviors"
        xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
        xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
        xmlns:local="clr-namespace:DemoDragAndDrop"
        mc:Ignorable="d"
        Title="MainWindow" Height="450" Width="800">
    <i:Interaction.Triggers>
        <i:EventTrigger EventName="Loaded">
            <i:InvokeCommandAction Command="{Binding WinLoadedCommand}" CommandParameter="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource Mode=FindAncestor, AncestorType=Window}}"/>
        </i:EventTrigger>
    </i:Interaction.Triggers>
    <Grid>
        <Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
            <ColumnDefinition Width="Auto"></ColumnDefinition>
            <ColumnDefinition Width="*"></ColumnDefinition>
        </Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
        <Border Grid.Column="0" BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1"></Border>
        <Border Grid.Column="1" BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1"></Border>
        <UniformGrid Grid.Column="0" Columns="2" VerticalAlignment="Top">
            <UniformGrid.Resources>
                <Style TargetType="TextBlock">
                    <Setter Property="Width" Value="100"></Setter>
                    <Setter Property="Height" Value="40"></Setter>
                    <Setter Property="FontSize" Value="18"></Setter>
                    <Setter Property="TextAlignment" Value="Center"></Setter>
                    <Setter Property="Padding" Value="10"></Setter>
                    <Setter Property="Margin" Value="5"></Setter>
                    <Setter Property="Background" Value="Blue"></Setter>
                    <Setter Property="FontWeight" Value="Bold"></Setter>
                    <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="White"></Setter>
                </Style>
            </UniformGrid.Resources>
            <TextBlock Text="文本" Tag="Text">
                <i:Interaction.Triggers>
                    <i:EventTrigger EventName="MouseLeftButtonDown">
                        <i:InvokeCommandAction Command="{Binding IconMouseLeftDownCommand}" CommandParameter="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource Mode=FindAncestor, AncestorType=TextBlock}}"/>
                    </i:EventTrigger>
                </i:Interaction.Triggers>
            </TextBlock>
            <TextBlock Text="按钮" Tag="Button">
                <i:Interaction.Triggers>
                    <i:EventTrigger EventName="MouseLeftButtonDown">
                        <i:InvokeCommandAction Command="{Binding IconMouseLeftDownCommand}" CommandParameter="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource Mode=FindAncestor, AncestorType=TextBlock}}"/>
                    </i:EventTrigger>
                </i:Interaction.Triggers>
            </TextBlock>
            <TextBlock Text="单选按钮"></TextBlock>
            <TextBlock Text="复选按钮"></TextBlock>
            <TextBlock Text="圆形"></TextBlock>
            <TextBlock Text="长方形"></TextBlock>
            <TextBlock Text="直线"></TextBlock>
            <TextBlock Text="三角形"></TextBlock>
        </UniformGrid>
        <Canvas x:Name="container" Grid.Column="1" AllowDrop="True" Background="White">
            <i:Interaction.Triggers>
                <i:EventTrigger EventName="Drop">
                    <i:InvokeCommandAction Command="{Binding CanvasDropCommand}" PassEventArgsToCommand="True"/>
                </i:EventTrigger>
            </i:Interaction.Triggers>
        </Canvas>
    </Grid>
</Window>

?

注意,在页面布局中,为图标库中的图标绑定了MouseLeftButtonDown事件命令,当鼠标左键按下时触发对应的事件,并开始拖拽。如下所示:

private ICommand  iconMouseLeftDownCommand;
 
public ICommand IconMouseLeftDownCommand
{
	get {
		if (iconMouseLeftDownCommand == null)
		{
			iconMouseLeftDownCommand = new RelayCommand<object>(IconMouseLeftDown);
		}
		return iconMouseLeftDownCommand; 
	}
}
 
private void IconMouseLeftDown(object sender)
{
	var tag = (sender as TextBlock)?.Tag?.ToString();
	if (tag == null)
	{
		return;
	}
	var data = new DragDropData() { Tag = tag };
	//开启准备拖动操作
	DragDrop.DoDragDrop((DependencyObject)sender, data, DragDropEffects.Copy);
}

?

注意,在调用DragDrop.DoDragDrop方法开始拖拽时,此方法有三个参数【DoDragDrop(DependencyObject dragSource, object data, DragDropEffects allowedEffects)】,说明如下:

  • 第一个参数是拖拽源控件。
  • 第二个参数用于传递数据,可以传递参数,用于区分详细信息。
  • 第三个参数是拖拽效果

在画布容器中松开拖拽的鼠标左键时,触发画布Drop事件,在此事件中创建新的控件,如下所示:

private ICommand canvasDropCommand;
 
public ICommand CanvasDropCommand
{
	get {
		if (canvasDropCommand == null)
		{
			canvasDropCommand = new RelayCommand<DragEventArgs>(CanvasDrop);
		}
		return canvasDropCommand; 
	}
}
 
private void CanvasDrop(DragEventArgs e)
{
	var data = e.Data.GetData(typeof(DragDropData)) as DragDropData;
	if (data != null)
	{
		var position = e.GetPosition(this.containerCanvas);
		if (data.Tag == "Text")
		{
			//创建文本
			Border border = new Border();
			border.BorderThickness = new Thickness(1);
			border.BorderBrush = Brushes.Black;
			TextBlock text = new TextBlock()
			{
				Width = 120,
				Height = 30,
				Text = "文本1",
				FontSize = 14,
				Background = Brushes.LightGray,
				TextAlignment = TextAlignment.Center,
				Padding = new Thickness(5)
			};
			border.Child = text;
			border.MouseDown += Container_Control_MouseDown;
			border.MouseMove += Container_Control_MouseMove;
			border.MouseUp += Container_Control_MouseUp;
			this.containerCanvas.Children.Add(border);
			Canvas.SetLeft(border, position.X - 60);
			Canvas.SetTop(border, position.Y - 15);
		}
		if (data.Tag == "Button")
		{
			Button button = new Button()
			{
				Width = 120,
				Height = 30,
				Content = "按钮1",
				FontSize = 14,
				Background = Brushes.LightGray,
				HorizontalContentAlignment = HorizontalAlignment.Center,
				VerticalContentAlignment = VerticalAlignment.Center,
				Padding = new Thickness(5),
				BorderBrush = Brushes.Black,
				BorderThickness = new Thickness(1)
			};
			button.AddHandler(Button.MouseDownEvent,new MouseButtonEventHandler( Container_Control_MouseDown),true);
			button.AddHandler(Button.MouseMoveEvent, new MouseEventHandler(Container_Control_MouseMove), true);
			button.AddHandler(Button.MouseUpEvent, new MouseButtonEventHandler(Container_Control_MouseUp), true);
			this.containerCanvas.Children.Add(button);
			Canvas.SetLeft(button, position.X - 60);
			Canvas.SetTop(button, position.Y - 15);
		}
	}
}

?

?注意:在此事件中,以下几点需要注意:

  • 通过e.Data.GetData方法获取传递的参数。
  • 通过e.GetPosition方法获取鼠标相对位置。参数是相对的对象,如Canvas容器等。
  • 容器的Drop事件中,根据传递的内容创建控件对象,并为新创建的控件对象绑定MouseDown,MouseMove,MouseUp方法。其中Button按钮,由于鼠标按下事件和本省自带的Click事件相冲突,所以需要通过AddHandler方法添加鼠标事件。
  • 通过Canvas.SetLeft,Canvas.SetTop方法设置控件对象在画布容器中的位置。

2. 控件拖动

在控件对象的MouseDown,MouseMove,MouseUp三个事件中,实现控件的拖动效果。即在MouseDown时开始,MouseMove中不断设置控件的Left,Top的值随鼠标而动,在MouseUp时停止

private void Container_Control_MouseUp(object sender, MouseButtonEventArgs e)
{
	if(e.LeftButton== MouseButtonState.Released)
	{
		Mouse.Capture(null);
	}
}
 
private void Container_Control_MouseMove(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
{
	if (e.LeftButton == MouseButtonState.Pressed)
	{
		var position = e.GetPosition(this.containerCanvas);
		Canvas.SetLeft((UIElement)sender,position.X-60);
		Canvas.SetTop((UIElement)sender,position.Y-15);
	}
}
 
 
private void Container_Control_MouseDown(object sender, MouseButtonEventArgs e)
{
	if(e.LeftButton ==MouseButtonState.Pressed)
	{
		Mouse.Capture((IInputElement)sender);
	}
}

?

注意,启动Mouse.Capture功能是为了捕获鼠标的焦点,使其在鼠标移动期间一直保持焦点,防止鼠标与控件分离

示例效果

本示例主要为了说明,只是简单地 实现了控件拖拽,拖动等效果,具体如下所示:

以上就是WPF之控件拖拽与拖动的全部内容,希望能够一起学习,共同进步。

文章来源:https://blog.csdn.net/fengershishe/article/details/134868259
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