python的shutil模块

先import导入该模块

import shutil

一. copyfileobj

只复制文件内容，不负责权限

[root@rhel8 day05]# ls /opt
dc.txt  myweb.log  n1.log  n2.log  tc.txt
[root@rhel8 day06]# vim demo01.py 
import shutil
f1 = open("/etc/hosts",mode="r")
f2 = open("/opt/myhosts",mode="w")
shutil.copyfileobj(f1,f2)
f1.close()
f2.close()

[root@rhel8 day06]# python3 demo01.py 
[root@rhel8 day06]# ll /etc/hosts
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 158 9月  10 2018 /etc/hosts
[root@rhel8 day06]# ls -l /opt |grep hosts
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 158 12月 11 21:02 myhosts

二.copyfile

只需要输入源文件地址与目标

[root@rhel8 day06]# ll /opt/myls
ls: 无法访问'/opt/myls': 没有那个文件或目录
[root@rhel8 day06]# vim demo01.py
 import shutil
shutil.copyfile("/usr/bin/ls","/opt/myls")

[root@rhel8 day06]# python3 demo01.py 
[root@rhel8 day06]# ll /opt/myls
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 166448 12月 11 21:08 /opt/myls
[root@rhel8 day06]# ll /usr/bin/ls
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 166448 1月  11 2019 /usr/bin/ls

?三.copy

输入源文件地址与目标文件地址，复制内容和权限

[root@rhel8 day06]# ll /usr/bin/ls
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 166448 1月  11 2019 /usr/bin/ls
[root@rhel8 day06]# ll /opt/myls2
ls: 无法访问'/opt/myls2': 没有那个文件或目录
[root@rhel8 day06]# vim demo01.py 
import shutil
shutil.copy("/usr/bin/ls","/opt/myls2")

[root@rhel8 day06]# python3 demo01.py 
[root@rhel8 day06]# ll /opt/myls2
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 166448 12月 11 21:11 /opt/myls2

四.move

文件的移动

[root@rhel8 day06]# ll /mnt/myls2
ls: 无法访问'/mnt/myls2': 没有那个文件或目录
[root@rhel8 day06]# vim demo01.py 
import shutil
shutil.move("/opt/myls2","/mnt/myls2")
[root@rhel8 day06]# python3 demo01.py 
[root@rhel8 day06]# ll /mnt/myls2
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 166448 12月 11 21:11 /mnt/myls2

?五.copytree

目录的复制

[root@rhel8 day06]# ls -l /opt/security
ls: 无法访问'/opt/security': 没有那个文件
[root@rhel8 day06]#  vim python3 demo01.py
import shutil
shutil.copytree("/etc/security","/opt/security")
[root@rhel8 day06]# python3 demo01.py 
[root@rhel8 day06]# ls  /opt/security
access.conf       console.perms    limits.conf     namespace.init  pwquality.conf.d
chroot.conf       console.perms.d  limits.d        opasswd         sepermit.conf
console.apps      faillock.conf    namespace.conf  pam_env.conf    time.conf
console.handlers  group.conf       namespace.d     pwquality.conf
#再次运行，查看结果[root@rhel8 day06]# python3 demo01.py 
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "demo01.py", line 2, in <module>
    shutil.copytree("/etc/security","/opt/security")
  File "/usr/lib64/python3.6/shutil.py", line 321, in copytree
    os.makedirs(dst)
  File "/usr/lib64/python3.6/os.py", line 220, in makedirs
    mkdir(name, mode)
FileExistsError: [Errno 17] File exists: '/opt/security'
文件报错，显示文件已存在，要保证目标文件不存在

?六.rmtree

删除目录

[root@rhel8 day06]# ls /opt/security/
access.conf       console.perms    limits.conf     namespace.init  pwquality.conf.d
chroot.conf       console.perms.d  limits.d        opasswd         sepermit.conf
console.apps      faillock.conf    namespace.conf  pam_env.conf    time.conf
console.handlers  group.conf       namespace.d     pwquality.conf
[root@rhel8 day06]# vim demo01.py 
import shutil
shutil.rmtree("/opt/security")
[root@rhel8 day06]# python3 demo01.py 
[root@rhel8 day06]# ls /opt/security/
ls: 无法访问'/opt/security/': 没有那个文件或目录

关于权限

?一.copymode

只复制权限

#先查看/opt/myhosts的权限，是644
[root@rhel8 day06]# ll /opt/myhosts 
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 158 12月 11 21:02 /opt/myhosts
#再查看/usr/bin/ls的权限，是755
[root@rhel8 day06]# ll /usr/bin/ls
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 166448 1月  11 2019 /usr/bin/ls
[root@rhel8 day06]# vim demo01.py 
import shutil
shutil.copymode("/usr/bin/ls","/opt/myhosts") #把644权限变成给755
[root@rhel8 day06]# python3 demo01.py 
[root@rhel8 day06]# ll /opt/myhosts 
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 158 12月 11 21:02 /opt/myhosts

?二.chown

修改属主和属组

[root@rhel8 day06]# useradd dc #增加dc用户 
[root@rhel8 day06]# vim demo01.py 
import shutil
shutil.chown("/opt/myhosts",user='dc',group='dc')
[root@rhel8 day06]# python3 demo01.py 
[root@rhel8 day06]# ll /opt/myhosts
-rwxr-xr-x 1 dc dc 158 12月 11 21:02 /opt/myhosts