CCNP课程实验-Route_Path_Control_CFG

实验条件

网络拓朴

拓扑中的IP地址段采用：172.8.AB.X/24，其中AB为两台路由器编号组合，
例如：R3-R6之间的AB为36，X为路由器编号，例如R3的X=3
所有路由器都有一个Loopback 0接口，地址格式为：X.X.X.X/32，其中X为路由器编号。
没有特殊要求，不允许使用静态路由。

需求

1. A—F所有区用Loopback模拟，地址格式为：XX.XX.XX.XX/32，其中X为路由器编号。根据拓扑宣告进对应协议。A1和A2区为特例，A1：55.55.55.0/24，A2：55.55.66.0/24。
2. 照拓扑图配置EIGRP/OSPF路由协议，关闭所有自动汇总。OSPF手动指明RID为Loopback 0地址。
3. R4做双向重分布，R6把OSPF重分布到EIGRP，要求全网ping通。如无明确说明，禁止使用静态路由，禁止直接使用ACL过滤数据。
4. A1区网段为55.55.55.0/24，配置R6使其禁止从R7学到此网段（要求：使用前缀列表）
5. 在R4上配置，要求EIGRP重分布到OSPF时，B区Metric值为100，类型为E1；C区Metric值为200，类型为E1。 其他路由按照默认设置。
6. 在R1的Area 0中增加以下网段：11.11.1.0/24、11.11.2.0/24 （用Loopback模拟），要求在R2上配置最精确的路由汇总，并且只允许在III区学到该汇总路由。
7. 要求A1到F区的数据流走R4，A2到E区的数据流走R6（R5带A1和A2的源地址采用Traceroute测试）
8. 在R7上配置，使其路由表中显示去往E、F区的下一跳是R6。
9. 在R4上配置，使其访问E区走 I 区 --> III 区，其他路线不变 (要求：不允许策略路由和分发列表)

配置实现

基础配置

R1

R1#show run | s interface
interface Loopback0
 ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255
 ip ospf 89 area 2
interface Ethernet0/0
 ip address 14.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
 ip ospf 89 area 2
 duplex auto
interface Ethernet0/1
 ip address 12.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
 ip ospf 89 area 0
 duplex auto
R1#show run | s rout 
router ospf 89
 router-id 1.1.1.1

R2

R2#show run | s interface 
interface Loopback0
 ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255
 ip ospf 89 area 0
interface Loopback1
 ip address 22.22.22.22 255.255.255.255
interface Ethernet0/0
 ip address 23.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
 ip ospf 89 area 3
 duplex auto
interface Ethernet0/1
 ip address 12.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
 ip ospf 89 area 0
 duplex auto
R2#show run | s route
router ospf 89
 router-id 2.2.2.2

R3

R3(config-if)#do show run | s interface
interface Loopback0
 ip address 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255
 ip ospf 89 area 3
interface Loopback1
 ip address 33.33.33.33 255.255.255.255
interface Ethernet0/0
 ip address 23.1.1.3 255.255.255.0
 ip ospf 89 area 3
 duplex auto
interface Ethernet0/1
 ip address 36.1.1.3 255.255.255.0
 ip ospf 89 area 3
 duplex auto
R3(config-if)#do show run | s route
router ospf 89
 router-id 3.3.3.3

R4

R4(config-route-map)#do show run | s interface  
interface Loopback0
 ip address 4.4.4.4 255.255.255.255
 ip ospf 89 area 2
interface Loopback1
 ip address 44.44.44.44 255.255.255.255
interface Ethernet0/0
 ip address 14.1.1.4 255.255.255.0
 ip ospf 89 area 2
 duplex auto
interface Ethernet0/1
 ip address 47.1.1.4 255.255.255.0
 duplex auto
R4(config-route-map)#do show run | s route
router eigrp 1
 network 44.44.44.44 0.0.0.0
 network 47.1.1.4 0.0.0.0
 eigrp router-id 4.4.4.4
router ospf 89
 router-id 4.4.4.4

R5

R5(config-router)#do show run | s interface 
interface Loopback0
 ip address 5.5.5.5 255.255.255.255
interface Loopback1
 ip address 55.55.55.55 255.255.255.0
interface Loopback2
 ip address 55.55.66.66 255.255.255.0
interface Ethernet0/2
 ip address 57.1.1.5 255.255.255.0
 duplex auto
R5(config-router)#do show run | s route
router eigrp 1
 network 0.0.0.0
 eigrp router-id 5.5.5.5
R5(config-router)#

R6

R6(config-router)#do show run | s interface 
interface Loopback0
 ip address 6.6.6.6 255.255.255.255
 ip ospf 89 area 3
interface Loopback1
 ip address 66.66.66.66 255.255.255.255
interface Ethernet0/0
 ip address 67.1.1.6 255.255.255.0
 duplex auto
interface Ethernet0/1
 ip address 36.1.1.6 255.255.255.0
 ip ospf 89 area 3
 duplex auto
R6(config-router)#do show run | s route
router eigrp 1
 distribute-list prefix A1 in 
 network 66.66.66.66 0.0.0.0
 network 67.1.1.6 0.0.0.0
 eigrp router-id 6.6.6.6
router ospf 89
 router-id 6.6.6.6
R6(config-router)#

R7

R7(config-router)#do show run | s route
router eigrp 1
 network 0.0.0.0
 eigrp router-id 7.7.7.7
R7(config-router)#do show run | s interface 
interface Loopback0
 ip address 7.7.7.7 255.255.255.255
interface Loopback1
 ip address 77.77.77.77 255.255.255.255
interface Ethernet0/0
 ip address 67.1.1.7 255.255.255.0
 duplex auto
interface Ethernet0/1
 ip address 47.1.1.7 255.255.255.0
 duplex auto
interface Ethernet0/2
 ip address 57.1.1.7 255.255.255.0
 duplex auto
R7(config-router)#do show run | s route
router eigrp 1
 network 0.0.0.0
 eigrp router-id 7.7.7.7
R7(config-router)#

需求实现

1.A—F所有区用Loopback模拟，地址格式为：XX.XX.XX.XX/32，其中X为路由器编号。根据拓扑宣告进对应协议。A1和A2区为特例，A1：55.55.55.0/24，A2：55.55.66.0/24

基础配置中已完成

2.照拓扑图配置EIGRP/OSPF路由协议，关闭所有自动汇总。OSPF手动指明RID为Loopback 0地址。

基础配置中已完成

3.R4做双向重分布，R6把OSPF重分布到EIGRP，要求全网ping通。如无明确说明，禁止使用静态路由，禁止直接使用ACL过滤数据。

R4：

router eigrp 1
redistribute ospf 89 metric 10000 100 255 1 1500


router ospf 89
redistribute eigrp 1 subnets

R6：

router eigrp 1
redistribute ospf 89 metric 10000 100 255 1 1500

4. A1区网段为55.55.55.0/24，配置R6使其禁止从R7学到此网段（要求：使用前缀列表）

R6：

ip prefix-list A1 deny 55.55.55.0/24
ip prefix-list A1 permit 0.0.0.0/0 le 32
router eigrp 1
distribute-list prefix A1 in Ethernet0/0

5. 在R4上配置，要求EIGRP重分布到OSPF时，B区Metric值为100，类型为E1；C区Metric值为200，类型为E1。 其他路由按照默认设置。

R4：

access-list 1 permit 44.44.44.44
access-list 2 permit 66.66.66.66

route-map BCarea permit 10
 match ip address 1
 set metric 100
 set metric-type type-1
route-map BCarea permit 20
 match ip address 2
 set metric 200
 set metric-type type-1
route-map BCarea permit 30

router ospf 89
redistribute eigrp 1 subnets route-map BCarea

6. 在R1的Area 0中增加以下网段：11.11.1.0/24、11.11.2.0/24 （用Loopback模拟），要求在R2上配置最精确的路由汇总，并且只允许在III区学到该汇总路由。

R1：

interface Loopback1
 ip address 11.11.1.1 255.255.255.0
interface Loopback2
 ip address 11.11.2.1 255.255.255.0
router ospf 89
 network 11.11.1.1 0.0.0.0 area 0
 network 11.11.2.1 0.0.0.0 area 0

R2：

router ospf 89
 area 0 range 11.11.0.0 255.255.252.0

现在要将这个汇总的路由限制在III区内，那就是要在R6上重分布到I区时，拦截该条汇总路由，不让他分布进I区的eigrp协议中
R6：

ip prefix-list R1-summary permit 11.11.0.0/22	// 精确匹配这条路由

route-map R1-summary deny 10		//拒绝match的路由
 match ip address prefix-list R1-summary
route-map R1-summary permit 20

router eigrp 1
 redistribute ospf 89 metric 10000 100 255 1 1500 route-map R1-summary

7. 要求A1到F区的数据流走R4，A2到E区的数据流走R6（R5带A1和A2的源地址采用Traceroute测试）

这个需求可以使用策略路由来实现这个功能， 根据源地址来决定路由走向，先定义两个ACL
R7：

access-list 155 permit 55.55.55.0 0.0.0.255 host 22.22.22.22 // 扩展ACL
access-list 166 permit 55.55.66.0 0.0.0.255 host 33.33.33.33

route-map PBR permit 10
 match ip address 155
 set ip next-hop 47.1.1.4
route-map PBR permit 20
 match ip address 166
 set ip next-hop 67.1.1.6

在A1，A2区进入R7的时候，配置策略路由
interface ethernet 0/2
 ip policy route-map PBR

测试结果
R5：

R5#traceroute 22.22.22.22 source 55.55.55.55
Type escape sequence to abort.
Tracing the route to 22.22.22.22
VRF info: (vrf in name/id, vrf out name/id)
  1 57.1.1.7 0 msec 1 msec 0 msec
  2 47.1.1.4 0 msec 1 msec 0 msec
  3 14.1.1.1 1 msec 0 msec 1 msec
  4 12.1.1.2 0 msec *  1 msec
R5#traceroute 33.33.33.33 source 55.55.66.66
Type escape sequence to abort.
Tracing the route to 33.33.33.33
VRF info: (vrf in name/id, vrf out name/id)
  1 57.1.1.7 0 msec 1 msec 0 msec
  2 67.1.1.6 1 msec 0 msec 0 msec
  3 36.1.1.3 1 msec *  0 msec

8. 在R7上配置，使其路由表中显示去往E、F区的下一跳是R6。

去往E、F区的路由是 22.22.22.22 33.33.33.33
R7: 路由表

      22.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
D EX     22.22.22.22 [170/307200] via 67.1.1.6, 04:00:32, Ethernet0/0
                     [170/307200] via 47.1.1.4, 04:00:32, Ethernet0/1
      33.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
D EX     33.33.33.33 [170/307200] via 67.1.1.6, 03:46:12, Ethernet0/0
                     [170/307200] via 47.1.1.4, 03:46:12, Ethernet0/1

从路由表上得到的信息是，等价负载均衡的，现在只需增大去往R4的metric值，使的R6的metric优先，就可以达到目的
R7:

access-list 10 permit 22.22.22.22
access-list 10 permit 33.33.33.33
router eigrp 1
 offset-list 10 in 1 ethernet 0/1	//从R4通告过来的，通过ethernet 0/1接口 进来的方向

路由表结果

      22.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
D EX     22.22.22.22 [170/307200] via 67.1.1.6, 00:00:02, Ethernet0/0
      23.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
D EX     23.1.1.0 [170/307200] via 67.1.1.6, 00:00:02, Ethernet0/0
                  [170/307200] via 47.1.1.4, 00:00:02, Ethernet0/1
      33.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
D EX     33.33.33.33 [170/307200] via 67.1.1.6, 00:00:02, Ethernet0/0

R7(config-router)#do show ip eigrp topology 22.22.22.22/32
EIGRP-IPv4 Topology Entry for AS(1)/ID(7.7.7.7) for 22.22.22.22/32
  State is Passive, Query origin flag is 1, 1 Successor(s), FD is 307200
  Descriptor Blocks:
  67.1.1.6 (Ethernet0/0), from 67.1.1.6, Send flag is 0x0
      Composite metric is (307200/281600), route is External
      Vector metric:
        Minimum bandwidth is 10000 Kbit
        Total delay is 2000 microseconds
        Reliability is 255/255
        Load is 255/255
        Minimum MTU is 1500
        Hop count is 1
        Originating router is 6.6.6.6
      External data:
        AS number of route is 89
        External protocol is OSPF, external metric is 21
        Administrator tag is 0 (0x00000000)
  47.1.1.4 (Ethernet0/1), from 47.1.1.4, Send flag is 0x0
      Composite metric is (307201/281600), route is External
      Vector metric:
        Minimum bandwidth is 10000 Kbit
        Total delay is 2000 microseconds
        Reliability is 255/255
        Load is 255/255
        Minimum MTU is 1500
        Hop count is 1
        Originating router is 4.4.4.4
      External data:
        AS number of route is 89
        External protocol is OSPF, external metric is 21
        Administrator tag is 0 (0x00000000)

  67.1.1.6 (Ethernet0/0), from 67.1.1.6, Send flag is 0x0
      Composite metric is (307200/281600), route is External
  47.1.1.4 (Ethernet0/1), from 47.1.1.4, Send flag is 0x0
      Composite metric is (307201/281600), route is External

R4上的路由metric FD值为307201，比R6上的307200大了1

10. 在R4上配置，使其访问E区走 I 区 --> III 区，其他路线不变 (要求：不允许策略路由和分发列表)

R4上查询路由表得到

      33.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA     33.33.33.33 [110/31] via 14.1.1.1, 00:20:20, Ethernet0/0

查询Eigrp拓扑表可以查到以下记录

R4#show ip eigrp topology 33.33.33.33/32                 
EIGRP-IPv4 Topology Entry for AS(1)/ID(4.4.4.4) for 33.33.33.33/32
  State is Passive, Query origin flag is 1, 1 Successor(s), FD is 281600
  Descriptor Blocks:
  14.1.1.1, from Redistributed, Send flag is 0x0
      Composite metric is (281600/0), route is External
      Vector metric:
        Minimum bandwidth is 10000 Kbit
        Total delay is 1000 microseconds
        Reliability is 255/255
        Load is 255/255
        Minimum MTU is 1500
        Hop count is 0
        Originating router is 4.4.4.4
      External data:
        AS number of route is 89
        External protocol is OSPF, external metric is 31
        Administrator tag is 0 (0x00000000)
  47.1.1.7 (Ethernet0/1), from 47.1.1.7, Send flag is 0x0
      Composite metric is (332800/307200), route is External
      Vector metric:
        Minimum bandwidth is 10000 Kbit
        Total delay is 3000 microseconds
        Reliability is 255/255
        Load is 255/255
        Minimum MTU is 1500
        Hop count is 2
        Originating router is 6.6.6.6
      External data:
        AS number of route is 89
        External protocol is OSPF, external metric is 11
        Administrator tag is 0 (0x00000000)

我的想法是通过在eigrp里修改distance，达到目的，具体是这样的

access-list 33 permit 33.33.33.33 

router eigrp 1
 distance 109 47.1.1.7 0.0.0.0 33

但是可惜没有能达到目的，因为33.33.33.33是eigrp外部路由，不能生效。 所以就改将ospf OIA的AD值为110的那条记录。修改成171，因为eigrp外部路由的AD值为170，这样的话，ospf的那条路由记录就会竞争RIB失效。从而达到我们的目的，从I区，III区走。

access-list 33 permit 33.33.33.33 

router ospf 89
 distance 171 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 33

查询路由表得到

      33.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
D EX     33.33.33.33 [170/332800] via 47.1.1.7, 00:00:07, Ethernet0/1

测试路径
R4#traceroute 33.33.33.33
Type escape sequence to abort.
Tracing the route to 33.33.33.33
VRF info: (vrf in name/id, vrf out name/id)
  1 47.1.1.7 0 msec 0 msec 0 msec
  2 67.1.1.6 1 msec 0 msec 0 msec
  3 36.1.1.3 0 msec *  1 msec
R4#