Gateway集成方法以及拦截器和过滤器的使用

2023-12-25 16:37:17

前提:请先创建好一个SpringBoot项目?

1. 引入依赖

?SpringCloud 和 alibabaCloud 、 SpringBoot间对版本有强制要求,我使用的springboot是3.0.2的版本。版本对应关系请看:版本说明 · alibaba/spring-cloud-alibaba Wiki · GitHub

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
            <version>2022.0.3</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
        <!-- SpringCloud组件之一,不加会提示错误 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-loadbalancer</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-bootstrap</artifactId>
            <version>3.1.4</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-gateway</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-config</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

2. 搭建网关

配置bootstrap.yml文件:

server:
  port: 8083
spring:
  application:
    name: big-news-admin-gateway
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        server-addr: 你的ip:8848
      config:
        server-addr: 你的ip:8848
        file-extension: yml

?Nacos配置中心:

yml示例:

spring:
  data:
    redis:
      host: localhost
      port: 6379
  cloud:
    gateway:
      globalcors:
        add-to-simple-url-handler-mapping: true
        corsConfigurations:
          '[/**]':
            allowedHeaders: "*"
            allowedOrigins: "*"
            allowedMethods:
              - GET
              - POST
              - DELETE
              - PUT
              - OPTION
      routes:
        # 平台管理
        - id: user
          uri: lb://big-news-user
          predicates:
            - Path=/user/**
        # 分类
        - id: category
          uri: lb://big-news-category
          predicates:
            - Path=/category/**
        # 文章
        - id: article
          uri: lb://big-news-article
          predicates:
            - Path=/article/**
        # 文件
        - id: common
          uri: lb://big-news-common
          predicates:
            - Path=/upload/**
token:
  secretKey: rikka7e7f74ef-62b5-4b29-96ae-c698f7c823c1
  expirationTime: 1080000060

解释:

该配置用于解决跨域问题

路由断言规则,id需唯一,uri中的名称需要对应服务的应用名。path用于匹配路由。

以下图举例:uri意味着将请求匹配到nacos中名叫big-news-user的服务,path意味着根据只要请求携带`user`就匹配服务。

可用 filters 过滤掉请求中的字段,比如下图。意味着最后到服务的实际请求不会携带`user`,你就不需要在controller的接收路径上上写`user`。

?3.?全局过滤器实现jwt校验

思路分析:

  1. 用户进入网关开始登陆,网关过滤器进行判断,如果是登录,则路由到后台管理微服务进行登录

  2. 用户登录成功,后台管理微服务签发JWT TOKEN信息返回给用户

  3. 用户再次进入网关开始访问,网关过滤器接收用户携带的TOKEN

  4. 网关过滤器解析TOKEN ,判断是否有权限,如果有,则放行,如果没有则返回未认证错误 ?

?3.1?拷贝一份jwt工具类到网关服务

import io.jsonwebtoken.Claims;
import io.jsonwebtoken.Jwts;
import io.jsonwebtoken.SignatureAlgorithm;
import io.jsonwebtoken.security.Keys;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import javax.crypto.SecretKey;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

@Component
public class JwtUtil {

    private static final String USER_CLAIMS_KEY = "user";

    // 过期时间
    @Value("${token.expirationTime}")
    private long EXPIRE_TIME;

    // 密钥
    @Value("${token.secretKey}")
    private String SECRET;

    /**
     * 创建JWT Token
     *
     * @param payload 载荷(Claims)
     * @return JWT Token
     */
    public String createToken(Map<String, Object> payload) {
        // 1. 创建一个密钥
        SecretKey key = Keys.hmacShaKeyFor(SECRET.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));

        // 2. 创建JWT Builder
        // 注意:这里的签名算法不能是 RS256,需要使用 HS256
        io.jsonwebtoken.JwtBuilder builder = Jwts.builder()
                .setClaims(payload)
                .setExpiration(new Date(System.currentTimeMillis() + EXPIRE_TIME))
                .signWith(key, SignatureAlgorithm.HS256);

        // 3. 生成JWT Token
        return builder.compact();
    }

    /**
     * 解析JWT Token
     *
     * @param token JWT Token
     * @return 载荷(Claims)
     */
    public Map<String, Object> parseToken(String token) {
        // 1. 获取密钥
        SecretKey key = Keys.hmacShaKeyFor(SECRET.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));

        // 2. 解析JWT Token
        Claims claims = Jwts.parser()
                .setSigningKey(key)
                .build()
                .parseClaimsJws(token)
                .getBody();

        // 3. 将Claims里的内容转换成Map
        Map<String, Object> payload = new HashMap<>(claims);
        payload.remove("exp");
        payload.remove("iat");
        payload.remove("iss");
        payload.remove("aud");
        payload.remove("nbf");
        payload.remove("sub");
        payload.remove("jti");

        return payload;
    }

    /**
     * 获取JWT Token的过期时间
     *
     * @param token JWT Token
     * @return 过期时间
     */
    public Date getExpirationDateFromToken(String token) {
        Claims claims = parseClaims(token);
        if (claims != null) {
            return claims.getExpiration();
        }
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * 验证JWT Token是否有效
     *
     * @param token JWT Token
     * @return 是否有效
     */
    public boolean validateToken(String token) {
        try {
            parseClaims(token);
            return true;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            return false;
        }
    }

    /**
     * 获取payload中的用户信息
     *
     * @param token JWT Token
     * @return 用户信息
     */
    public Map<String, Object> getUserFromToken(String token) {
        Map<String, Object> user = null;
        Claims claims = parseClaims(token);
        if (claims != null) {
            user = (Map<String, Object>) claims.get(USER_CLAIMS_KEY);
        }
        return user;
    }

    /**
     * 解析JWT Token中的Claims
     *
     * @param token JWT Token
     * @return Claims
     */
    public Claims parseClaims(String token) {
        try {
            SecretKey key = Keys.hmacShaKeyFor(SECRET.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
            return Jwts.parser()
                    .setSigningKey(key)
                    .build()
                    .parseClaimsJws(token)
                    .getBody();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            return null;
        }
    }

}

?3.2?网关微服务中新建全局过滤器

import cn.hutool.json.JSONUtil;
import com.alibaba.cloud.commons.lang.StringUtils;
import com.xin.common.properties.TokenProperties;
import com.xin.common.utils.JwtUtil;
import io.jsonwebtoken.Claims;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.GatewayFilterChain;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.GlobalFilter;
import org.springframework.core.Ordered;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.StringRedisTemplate;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.server.reactive.ServerHttpRequest;
import org.springframework.http.server.reactive.ServerHttpResponse;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.server.ServerWebExchange;
import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;

import java.util.Objects;

@Component
public class AuthorizeFilter implements Ordered, GlobalFilter {

    @Autowired
    private StringRedisTemplate stringRedisTemplate;

    //用于接收token的信息,你可按实际请看书写,也可以直接在这个类里定义静态参数。
    //tokenProperties主要包含:密钥key、过期时间
    @Autowired
    private TokenProperties tokenProperties;

    @Autowired
    private JwtUtil jwtUtil;
    @Override
    public Mono<Void> filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) {
        //1.获取请求
        ServerHttpRequest request = exchange.getRequest();
        ServerHttpResponse response = exchange.getResponse();

        //2.判断是否是登录操作
        if (request.getURI().getPath().contains("/login")) {
            //放行
            return chain.filter(exchange);
        }

        String token = request.getHeaders().getFirst("Authorization");
        //3.若token为空,校验失败
        if (StringUtils.isEmpty(token)){
            response.setStatusCode(HttpStatus.UNAUTHORIZED);
            //结束请求
            return response.setComplete();
        }
        try {
            //4. 解析token
            Claims claims = jwtUtil.parseClaims(token);
            //获得token解析后中的用户信息
            Object o = claims.get("user");
            String user = JSONUtil.toJsonStr(o);
            String id = user.substring(user.indexOf(":")+1, user.indexOf(","));
            //5.判断token是否在redis中过期,或删除
            String object = stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().get("token:" + id + ":" + token);
            if (Objects.isNull(object)) {
                response.setStatusCode(HttpStatus.UNAUTHORIZED);
                //结束请求
                return response.setComplete();
            }


            // 将用户信息存放进 header中
            ServerHttpRequest serverHttpRequest = request.mutate().headers(httpHeaders -> {
                httpHeaders.add("user", user + "");
            }).build();
            exchange.mutate().request(serverHttpRequest).build();
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
            response.setStatusCode(HttpStatus.UNAUTHORIZED);
            return response.setComplete();
        }
        //5.放行
        return chain.filter(exchange);
    }

    /**
     * 优先级设置,值越小 优先级越高
     * @return
     */
    @Override
    public int getOrder() {
        return 0;
    }
}

注意,该过滤器只是实现了对Token的校验,并将解析结果存放进header进一步转发。获取user信息,还需在实际的服务里定义拦截器获取:

@Component
@Slf4j
public class LoginInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
    @Override
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
        String userString = request.getHeader("user");
        Optional<String> optional = Optional.ofNullable(userString);
        if(optional.isPresent()) {
            //把用户存入threadLocal中
            TreadLocalUtil.setUser(userString);
            log.info("设置用户信息到threadlocal中...");
        }
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
        TreadLocalUtil.clear();
        log.info("清理threadlocal...");
    }
}

?在WebMvcConfig中配置该拦截器:

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.InterceptorRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurer;

@Configuration
public class WebMvcConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {
    @Override
    public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
        registry.addInterceptor(new LoginInterceptor()).addPathPatterns("/**");
    }
}

最后最后!!!各位看官觉得有用就收藏、点赞、评论一下吧。我看到问题后,我会第一时间回复的!?????????

文章来源:https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_58403235/article/details/135200572
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