第二章 SpringCloud Alibaba 微服务环境搭建

2023-12-13 14:41:55

我们本次是使用的电商项目中的商品、订单、用户为案例进行搭建。

案例准备

技术选型

maven：3.3.9
数据库：MySQL 5.7
持久层: SpingData Jpa
其他: SpringCloud Alibaba 技术栈

模块设计

springcloud-alibaba 父工程
shop-common 公共模块【实体类】
shop-user 用户微服务【端口: 807x】
shop-product 商品微服务【端口: 808x】
shop-order 订单微服务【端口: 809x】
在这里插入图片描述

微服务调用

在微服务架构中，最常见的场景就是微服务之间的相互调用。我们以电商系统中常见的用户下单为例来演示微服务的调用：客户向订单微服务发起一个下单的请求，在进行保存订单之前需要调用商品微服务查询商品的信息。
我们一般把服务的主动调用方称为服务消费者，把服务的被调用方称为服务提供者。
在这里插入图片描述
在这种场景下，订单微服务就是一个服务消费者，商品微服务就是一个服务提供者。

创建父工程

创建一个maven工程，然后在pom.xml文件中添加下面内容

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>org.alibaba</groupId>
    <artifactId>SpringCloudAlibaba</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>
    <modules>
        <module>shop-common</module>
        <module>shop-user</module>
        <module>shop_product</module>
        <module>shop-order</module>
    </modules>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.RELEASE</spring-cloud.version>
        <spring-cloud-alibaba.version>2.1.0.RELEASE</spring-cloud-alibaba.version>
    </properties>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.1.1.RELEASE</version>
    </parent>
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud-alibaba.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

</project>

版本对应：
在这里插入图片描述

创建基础模块

创建 shop-common 模块，在pom.xml中添加依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.alibaba</groupId>
        <artifactId>SpringCloudAlibaba</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>

    <artifactId>shop-common</artifactId>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.56</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.6</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

创建实体类

//用户
@Entity(name = "shop_user")
@Data
public class User {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private Integer uid;//主键
private String username;//用户名
private String password;//密码
private String telephone;//手机号
}

//商品
@Entity(name = "shop_product")
@Data
public class Product {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private Integer pid;//主键
private String pname;//商品名称
private Double pprice;//商品价格
private Integer stock;//库存
}

//订单
@Entity(name = "shop_order")
@Data
public class Order {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private Long oid;//订单id
private Integer uid;//用户id
private String username;//用户名
private Integer pid;//商品id
private String pname;//商品名称
private Double pprice;//商品单价
private Integer number;//购买数量
}

创建用户微服务

步骤:

创建模块导入依赖
创建SpringBoot主类
加入配置文件
创建必要的接口和实现类(controller service dao)
新建一个 shop-user 模块，然后进行下面操作
创建pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.alibaba</groupId>
        <artifactId>SpringCloudAlibaba</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>

    <artifactId>shop-user</artifactId>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-autoconfigure</artifactId>
            <version>2.7.17</version>
            <scope>compile</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.6</version>
            <scope>compile</scope>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

</project>

编写主类

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class UserApplication {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(UserApplication.class， args);
	}
}

创建配置文件

server:
  port: 8071
spring:
  application:
    name: service-user
  datasource:
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/shop?serverTimezone=UTC&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=true
    username: root
    password: root123
  jpa:
    properties:
     hibernate:
      hbm2ddl:
       auto: update
     dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect

创建商品微服务

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.alibaba</groupId>
        <artifactId>SpringCloudAlibaba</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>

    <artifactId>shop_product</artifactId>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>shop-common</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.6</version>
            <scope>compile</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

创建工程的主类

@SpringBootApplication
public class ProductApplication {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(ProductApplication.class， args);
	}
}

创建配置文件application.yml

server:
  port: 8081
spring:
  application:
    name: service-product
  datasource:
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/shop?serverTimezone=UTC&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=true
    username: root
    password: root
  jpa:
    properties:
      hibernate:
        hbm2ddl:
          auto: update
      dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect

创建ProductDao接口

public interface ProductDao extends JpaRepository<Product,Integer> {
}

创建ProductService接口和实现类

@Service
public class ProductServiceImpl implements ProductService {
    @Autowired
    private ProductDao productDao;
    @Override
    public Product findByPid(Integer pid) {
        return  productDao.findById(pid).get();
    }
}

创建Controller

@RestController
@Slf4j
public class ProductController {
    @Autowired
    private ProductService productService;
    @GetMapping("/product/{pid}")
    public Product product(@PathVariable("pid") Integer pid) {
        Product product = productService.findByPid(pid);
        log.info("查询到商品:" + JSON.toJSONString(product));
        return product;
    }
}

启动工程，等到数据库表创建完毕之后，加入测试数据

INSERT INTO shop_product VALUE(NULL,'小米','1000','5000');
INSERT INTO shop_product VALUE(NULL,'华为','2000','5000');
INSERT INTO shop_product VALUE(NULL,'苹果','3000','5000');
INSERT INTO shop_product VALUE(NULL,'OPPO','4000','5000');

通过浏览器访问服务
在这里插入图片描述

创建订单微服务

创建一个名为 shop-order 的模块,并添加springboot依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.alibaba</groupId>
        <artifactId>SpringCloudAlibaba</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>

    <artifactId>shop-order</artifactId>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>shop-common</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-autoconfigure</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

创建工程的主类

@SpringBootApplication
public class OrderApplication {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(OrderApplication.class, args);
	}
}

创建配置文件application.yml

server:
  port: 8091
spring:
  application:
    name: service-order
  datasource:
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/shop?serverTimezone=UTC&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=true
    username: root
    password: root
  jpa:
    properties:
      hibernate:
        hbm2ddl:
          auto: update
      dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect

创建OrderDao接口

public interface OrderDao extends JpaRepository<Order,Long> {
}

创建OrderService接口和实现类

@Service
public class OrderServiceImpl implements OrderService {
    @Autowired
    private OrderDao orderDao;
    @Override
    public void save(Order order) {
        orderDao.save(order);
    }

}

创建RestTemplate，这里先用RestTemplate去请求商品服务。

@SpringBootApplication
public class OrderApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(OrderApplication.class, args);
    }
    @Bean
    public RestTemplate getRestTemplate() {
        return new RestTemplate();
    }
}

创建Controller

@RestController
@Slf4j
public class OrderController {
    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;
    @Autowired
    private OrderService orderService;
    //准备买1件商品
    @GetMapping("/order/prod/{pid}")
    public Order order(@PathVariable("pid") Integer pid) {
        log.info(">>客户下单，这时候要调用商品微服务查询商品信息");
//通过restTemplate调用商品微服务
        Product product = restTemplate.getForObject(
                "http://localhost:8081/product/" + pid, Product.class);
        log.info(">>商品信息,查询结果:" + JSON.toJSONString(product));
        Order order = new Order();
        order.setUid(1);
        order.setUsername("测试用户");
        order.setPid(product.getPid());
        order.setPname(product.getPname());
        order.setPprice(product.getPprice());
        order.setNumber(1);
        orderService.save(order);
        return order;
    }

启动工程,通过浏览器访问服务进行测试
在这里插入图片描述

第三章 SpringCloud Alibaba Nacos Discovery–服务治理

文章来源:https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44831330/article/details/134840595
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