Oracle 数据库 control file的备份

自动备份

间接的是指，如果启用了CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP，那么备份时，也会把control file带上：

RMAN> CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP OFF;

new RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP OFF;
new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored

RMAN> backup spfile;

Starting backup at 15-DEC-23
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=264 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current SPFILE in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 15-DEC-23
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 15-DEC-23
piece handle=/opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/dbs/012e36jf_1_1 tag=TAG20231215T095703 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 15-DEC-23

RMAN> CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP CLEAR;

old RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP OFF;
RMAN configuration parameters are successfully reset to default value

RMAN> backup spfile;

Starting backup at 15-DEC-23
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current SPFILE in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 15-DEC-23
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 15-DEC-23
piece handle=/opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/dbs/022e36k3_1_1 tag=TAG20231215T095723 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 15-DEC-23

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 15-DEC-23
piece handle=/opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/dbs/c-2920819444-20231215-00 comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 15-DEC-23

手动备份

手动备份可通过RMAN或SQL命令。

RMAN 手动备份

RMAN> backup current controlfile;

Starting backup at 15-DEC-23
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current control file in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 15-DEC-23
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 15-DEC-23
piece handle=/opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/dbs/042e370v_1_1 tag=TAG20231215T100415 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 15-DEC-23

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 15-DEC-23
piece handle=/opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/dbs/c-2920819444-20231215-01 comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 15-DEC-23

很神奇，spfile也自动备份了。

SQL 手动备份

ALTER DATABASE BACKUP CONTROLFILE TO TRACE

在alert log中可以找到trace file的位置：

alert_ORCLCDB.log:Backup controlfile written to trace file 

输出的SQL脚本：

/opt/oracle/diag/rdbms/orclcdb/ORCLCDB/trace/ORCLCDB_ora_3449.trc
$ cat /opt/oracle/diag/rdbms/orclcdb/ORCLCDB/trace/ORCLCDB_ora_3449.trc
Trace file /opt/oracle/diag/rdbms/orclcdb/ORCLCDB/trace/ORCLCDB_ora_3449.trc
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.3.0.0.0
Build label:    RDBMS_19.3.0.0.0DBRU_LINUX.X64_190417
ORACLE_HOME:    /opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1
System name:    Linux
Node name:      oracle-19c-vagrant
Release:        5.4.17-2136.323.8.2.el7uek.x86_64
Version:        #2 SMP Wed Sep 20 00:06:39 PDT 2023
Machine:        x86_64
Instance name: ORCLCDB
Redo thread mounted by this instance: 1
Oracle process number: 35
Unix process pid: 3449, image: oracle@oracle-19c-vagrant (TNS V1-V3)


*** 2023-12-15T09:52:20.683367+08:00 (CDB$ROOT(1))
*** SESSION ID:(268.60469) 2023-12-15T09:52:20.683403+08:00
*** CLIENT ID:() 2023-12-15T09:52:20.683411+08:00
*** SERVICE NAME:(SYS$USERS) 2023-12-15T09:52:20.683416+08:00
*** MODULE NAME:(sqlplus@oracle-19c-vagrant (TNS V1-V3)) 2023-12-15T09:52:20.683423+08:00
*** ACTION NAME:() 2023-12-15T09:52:20.683428+08:00
*** CLIENT DRIVER:(SQL*PLUS) 2023-12-15T09:52:20.683432+08:00
*** CONTAINER ID:(1) 2023-12-15T09:52:20.683438+08:00

-- The following are current System-scope REDO Log Archival related
-- parameters and can be included in the database initialization file.
--
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST=''
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DUPLEX_DEST=''
--
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT=%t_%s_%r.dbf
--
-- DB_UNIQUE_NAME="ORCLCDB"
--
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='SEND, RECEIVE, NODG_CONFIG'
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_MAX_PROCESSES=4
-- STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=MANUAL
-- FAL_CLIENT=''
-- FAL_SERVER=''
--
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='LOCATION=/opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/dbs/arch'
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='MANDATORY REOPEN=300 NODELAY'
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='ARCH NOAFFIRM NOVERIFY SYNC'
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='NOREGISTER'
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='NOALTERNATE'
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='NODEPENDENCY'
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='NOMAX_FAILURE NOQUOTA_SIZE NOQUOTA_USED NODB_UNIQUE_NAME'
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='VALID_FOR=(PRIMARY_ROLE,ONLINE_LOGFILES)'
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE
--
-- Below are two sets of SQL statements, each of which creates a new
-- control file and uses it to open the database. The first set opens
-- the database with the NORESETLOGS option and should be used only if
-- the current versions of all online logs are available. The second
-- set opens the database with the RESETLOGS option and should be used
-- if online logs are unavailable.
-- The appropriate set of statements can be copied from the trace into
-- a script file, edited as necessary, and executed when there is a
-- need to re-create the control file.
--
--     Set #1. NORESETLOGS case
--
-- The following commands will create a new control file and use it
-- to open the database.
-- Data used by Recovery Manager will be lost.
-- Additional logs may be required for media recovery of offline
-- Use this only if the current versions of all online logs are
-- available.
-- After mounting the created controlfile, the following SQL
-- statement will place the database in the appropriate
-- protection mode:
--  ALTER DATABASE SET STANDBY DATABASE TO MAXIMIZE PERFORMANCE
STARTUP NOMOUNT
CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "ORCLCDB" NORESETLOGS  NOARCHIVELOG
    MAXLOGFILES 16
    MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
    MAXDATAFILES 1024
    MAXINSTANCES 8
    MAXLOGHISTORY 292
LOGFILE
  GROUP 1 '/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/redo01.log'  SIZE 200M BLOCKSIZE 512,
  GROUP 2 '/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/redo02.log'  SIZE 200M BLOCKSIZE 512,
  GROUP 3 '/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/redo03.log'  SIZE 200M BLOCKSIZE 512
-- STANDBY LOGFILE
DATAFILE
  '/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/system01.dbf',
  '/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/sysaux01.dbf',
  '/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/undotbs01.dbf',
  '/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/pdbseed/system01.dbf',
  '/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/pdbseed/sysaux01.dbf',
  '/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/users01.dbf',
  '/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/pdbseed/undotbs01.dbf',
  '/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/ORCLPDB1/system01.dbf',
  '/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/ORCLPDB1/sysaux01.dbf',
  '/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/ORCLPDB1/undotbs01.dbf',
  '/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/ORCLPDB1/users01.dbf',
  '/u02/oradata/ORCLCDB/07AB4734637A6E5DE0630101007F8538/datafile/o1_mf_system_llnsto42_.dbf',
  '/u02/oradata/ORCLCDB/07AB4734637A6E5DE0630101007F8538/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_llnsto4j_.dbf',
  '/u02/oradata/ORCLCDB/07AB4734637A6E5DE0630101007F8538/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_llnsto4o_.dbf',
  '/u02/oradata/ORCLCDB/07AB4734637A6E5DE0630101007F8538/datafile/o1_mf_users_llnsto4z_.dbf'
CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8
;
-- Commands to re-create incarnation table
-- Below log names MUST be changed to existing filenames on
-- disk. Any one log file from each branch can be used to
-- re-create incarnation records.
-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE '/opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/dbs/arch1_1_1005785759.dbf';
-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE '/opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/dbs/arch1_1_1149758071.dbf';
-- Recovery is required if any of the datafiles are restored backups,
-- or if the last shutdown was not normal or immediate.
RECOVER DATABASE
-- Database can now be opened normally.
ALTER DATABASE OPEN;
-- Open all the PDBs.
ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE ALL OPEN;
-- Commands to add tempfiles to temporary tablespaces.
-- Online tempfiles have complete space information.
-- Other tempfiles may require adjustment.
ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE '/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/temp01.dbf'
     SIZE 135266304  REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 655360  MAXSIZE 32767M;
ALTER SESSION SET CONTAINER = "PDB$SEED";
ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE '/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/pdbseed/temp012023-10-09_09-26-58-555-AM.dbf'
     SIZE 37748736  REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 655360  MAXSIZE 32767M;
ALTER SESSION SET CONTAINER = "ORCLPDB1";
ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE '/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/ORCLPDB1/temp01.dbf'
     SIZE 37748736  REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 655360  MAXSIZE 32767M;
ALTER SESSION SET CONTAINER = "ORCLPDB2";
ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE '/u02/oradata/ORCLCDB/07AB4734637A6E5DE0630101007F8538/datafile/o1_mf_temp_llnsto4t_.dbf' REUSE;
ALTER SESSION SET CONTAINER = "CDB$ROOT";
-- End of tempfile additions.
--
--     Set #2. RESETLOGS case
--
-- The following commands will create a new control file and use it
-- to open the database.
-- Data used by Recovery Manager will be lost.
-- The contents of online logs will be lost and all backups will
-- be invalidated. Use this only if online logs are damaged.
-- After mounting the created controlfile, the following SQL
-- statement will place the database in the appropriate
-- protection mode:
--  ALTER DATABASE SET STANDBY DATABASE TO MAXIMIZE PERFORMANCE
STARTUP NOMOUNT
CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "ORCLCDB" RESETLOGS  NOARCHIVELOG
    MAXLOGFILES 16
    MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
    MAXDATAFILES 1024
    MAXINSTANCES 8
    MAXLOGHISTORY 292
LOGFILE
  GROUP 1 '/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/redo01.log'  SIZE 200M BLOCKSIZE 512,
  GROUP 2 '/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/redo02.log'  SIZE 200M BLOCKSIZE 512,
  GROUP 3 '/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/redo03.log'  SIZE 200M BLOCKSIZE 512
-- STANDBY LOGFILE
DATAFILE
  '/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/system01.dbf',
  '/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/sysaux01.dbf',
  '/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/undotbs01.dbf',
  '/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/pdbseed/system01.dbf',
  '/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/pdbseed/sysaux01.dbf',
  '/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/users01.dbf',
  '/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/pdbseed/undotbs01.dbf',
  '/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/ORCLPDB1/system01.dbf',
  '/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/ORCLPDB1/sysaux01.dbf',
  '/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/ORCLPDB1/undotbs01.dbf',
  '/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/ORCLPDB1/users01.dbf',
  '/u02/oradata/ORCLCDB/07AB4734637A6E5DE0630101007F8538/datafile/o1_mf_system_llnsto42_.dbf',
  '/u02/oradata/ORCLCDB/07AB4734637A6E5DE0630101007F8538/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_llnsto4j_.dbf',
  '/u02/oradata/ORCLCDB/07AB4734637A6E5DE0630101007F8538/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_llnsto4o_.dbf',
  '/u02/oradata/ORCLCDB/07AB4734637A6E5DE0630101007F8538/datafile/o1_mf_users_llnsto4z_.dbf'
CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8
;
-- Commands to re-create incarnation table
-- Below log names MUST be changed to existing filenames on
-- disk. Any one log file from each branch can be used to
-- re-create incarnation records.
-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE '/opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/dbs/arch1_1_1005785759.dbf';
-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE '/opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/dbs/arch1_1_1149758071.dbf';
-- Recovery is required if any of the datafiles are restored backups,
-- or if the last shutdown was not normal or immediate.
RECOVER DATABASE USING BACKUP CONTROLFILE
-- Database can now be opened zeroing the online logs.
ALTER DATABASE OPEN RESETLOGS;
-- Open all the PDBs.
ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE ALL OPEN;
-- Commands to add tempfiles to temporary tablespaces.
-- Online tempfiles have complete space information.
-- Other tempfiles may require adjustment.
ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE '/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/temp01.dbf'
     SIZE 135266304  REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 655360  MAXSIZE 32767M;
ALTER SESSION SET CONTAINER = "PDB$SEED";
ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE '/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/pdbseed/temp012023-10-09_09-26-58-555-AM.dbf'
     SIZE 37748736  REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 655360  MAXSIZE 32767M;
ALTER SESSION SET CONTAINER = "ORCLPDB1";
ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE '/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/ORCLPDB1/temp01.dbf'
     SIZE 37748736  REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 655360  MAXSIZE 32767M;
ALTER SESSION SET CONTAINER = "ORCLPDB2";
ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE '/u02/oradata/ORCLCDB/07AB4734637A6E5DE0630101007F8538/datafile/o1_mf_temp_llnsto4t_.dbf' REUSE;
ALTER SESSION SET CONTAINER = "CDB$ROOT";
-- End of tempfile additions.
--