简述 tcp 和 udp的区别?

2023-12-25 13:33:41

简述 tcp 和 udp的区别?

TCP(Transmission Control Protocol)和UDP(User Datagram Protocol)是两种不同的传输层协议,用于在计算机网络中进行数据传输。以下是它们的主要区别:

区别:

  1. 连接性:

    • TCP: 面向连接的协议,通过三次握手建立可靠的连接,确保数据的可靠性和完整性。
    • UDP: 无连接的协议,不建立连接,发送数据时不保证可靠性和完整性。
  2. 数据传输方式:

    • TCP: 提供可靠的、面向流的服务,数据被分割成小的数据块,并以字节流的形式发送。
    • UDP: 无连接的,数据被分割成小的数据包,每个数据包独立发送。
  3. 可靠性:

    • TCP: 提供可靠的传输,通过确认机制和重传机制来确保数据的可靠性。
    • UDP: 不提供可靠性,数据包可能会丢失或无序。
  4. 效率:

    • TCP: 由于提供可靠性,数据传输会有一定的开销,适用于对数据传输要求较高的场景。
    • UDP: 无连接,传输效率高,适用于对实时性要求较高、可以容忍少量数据丢失的场景。

代码示例:

以下是Java中使用TCP和UDP进行简单通信的示例。

TCP 示例:
// 服务器端
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;

public class TCPServer {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(12345);
            System.out.println("Waiting for client...");

            Socket clientSocket = serverSocket.accept();
            System.out.println("Client connected.");

            BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(clientSocket.getInputStream()));
            String message = reader.readLine();
            System.out.println("Received from client: " + message);

            PrintWriter writer = new PrintWriter(clientSocket.getOutputStream(), true);
            writer.println("Hello from server!");

            reader.close();
            writer.close();
            clientSocket.close();
            serverSocket.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}
// 客户端
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;

public class TCPClient {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            Socket socket = new Socket("localhost", 12345);

            PrintWriter writer = new PrintWriter(socket.getOutputStream(), true);
            writer.println("Hello from client!");

            BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));
            String response = reader.readLine();
            System.out.println("Received from server: " + response);

            writer.close();
            reader.close();
            socket.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}
UDP 示例:
// 服务器端
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;

public class UDPServer {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            DatagramSocket serverSocket = new DatagramSocket(9876);
            System.out.println("Waiting for client...");

            byte[] receiveData = new byte[1024];
            DatagramPacket receivePacket = new DatagramPacket(receiveData, receiveData.length);
            serverSocket.receive(receivePacket);

            String message = new String(receivePacket.getData(), 0, receivePacket.getLength());
            System.out.println("Received from client: " + message);

            InetAddress clientAddress = receivePacket.getAddress();
            int clientPort = receivePacket.getPort();
            byte[] sendData = "Hello from server!".getBytes();
            DatagramPacket sendPacket = new DatagramPacket(sendData, sendData.length, clientAddress, clientPort);
            serverSocket.send(sendPacket);

            serverSocket.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}
// 客户端
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;

public class UDPClient {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            DatagramSocket clientSocket = new DatagramSocket();

            InetAddress serverAddress = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
            int serverPort = 9876;

            String message = "Hello from client!";
            byte[] sendData = message.getBytes();
            DatagramPacket sendPacket = new DatagramPacket(sendData, sendData.length, serverAddress, serverPort);
            clientSocket.send(sendPacket);

            byte[] receiveData = new byte[1024];
            DatagramPacket receivePacket = new DatagramPacket(receiveData, receiveData.length);
            clientSocket.receive(receivePacket);

            String response = new String(receivePacket.getData(), 0, receivePacket.getLength());
            System.out.println("Received from server: " + response);

            clientSocket.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

上述示例分别演示了使用TCP和UDP进行简单通信的服务器端和客户端代码。在TCP示例中,使用SocketServerSocket进行连接,而在UDP示例中,使用DatagramSocketDatagramPacket进行通信。

文章来源:https://blog.csdn.net/sanmansan/article/details/135144260
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