Python tkinter 之文件对话框（filedialog）

1 文件

1.1 获取单个文件名称：askopenfilename()

import tkinter
from tkinter import filedialog


class FileDiaLogDemo(object):
    def __init__(self):
        window = tkinter.Tk()
        window.withdraw()  # 不显示窗体

    def get_file_name(self):
        # 选择单个文件（绝对路径）
        file_path = filedialog.askopenfilename()
        print(file_path)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    test = FileDiaLogDemo()
    test.get_file_name()

测试结果（参考）：

C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/Temp/1.txt

1.2 获取多个文件名称：askopenfilenames()

import tkinter
from tkinter import filedialog


class FileDiaLogDemo(object):
    def __init__(self):
        window = tkinter.Tk()
        window.withdraw()  # 不显示窗体

    def get_file_names(self):
        # 选择多个文件（绝对路径，Ctrl + 文件）
        file_path = filedialog.askopenfilenames()
        print(f'返回值类型：{type(file_path)}')  # <class 'tuple'>
        print(file_path)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    test = FileDiaLogDemo()
    test.get_file_names()

测试结果（参考）：

('C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/Temp/1.txt', 
 'C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/Temp/2.txt')

1.3 获取单个文件属性：askopenfile()

import tkinter
from tkinter import filedialog


class FileDiaLogDemo(object):
    def __init__(self):
        window = tkinter.Tk()
        window.withdraw()  # 不显示窗体

    def get_file(self):
        # 选择单个文件
        file = filedialog.askopenfile()
        print(f'文件的名称：{file.name}')
        print(f'文件的模式：{file.mode}')
        print(f'文件的编码：{file.encoding}')


if __name__ == '__main__':
    test = FileDiaLogDemo()
    test.get_file()

1.4 获取多个文件属性：askopenfiles()

import tkinter
from tkinter import filedialog


class FileDiaLogDemo(object):
    def __init__(self):
        window = tkinter.Tk()
        window.withdraw()  # 不显示窗体

    def get_files(self):
        # 选择单个文件
        file = filedialog.askopenfiles()
        print(f'返回值类型：{type(file)}')  # <class 'list'>
        print(f'文件的个数：{len(file)}')


if __name__ == '__main__':
    test = FileDiaLogDemo()
    test.get_files()

1.5 获取保存文件的路径：asksaveasfilename()

import tkinter
from tkinter import filedialog


class FileDiaLogDemo(object):
    def __init__(self):
        window = tkinter.Tk()
        window.withdraw()  # 不显示窗体

    def get_save_file_name(self):
        file = filedialog.asksaveasfilename(title="请选择文件存储路径",
                                            initialdir=r'E:\02 源码',
                                            filetypes=[('文本文档', '.txt'),
                                                       ('Excel', '.xls .xlsx'),
                                                       ('All Files', ' *')],
                                            defaultextension='.png')
        print(file)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    test = FileDiaLogDemo()
    test.get_save_file_name()

测试结果（参考）：

C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/Temp/1.txt

1.6 获取保存文件的属性：asksaveasfile()

import tkinter
from tkinter import filedialog


class FileDiaLogDemo(object):
    def __init__(self):
        window = tkinter.Tk()
        window.withdraw()  # 不显示窗体

    def get_save_file(self):
        file = filedialog.asksaveasfile(title="请选择文件存储路径",
                                        initialdir=r'E:\02 源码',
                                        filetypes=[('文本文档', '.txt'),
                                                   ('Excel', '.xls .xlsx'),
                                                   ('All Files', ' *')],
                                        defaultextension='.png')
        print(f'文件的名称：{file.name}')
        print(f'文件的模式：{file.mode}')
        print(f'文件的编码：{file.encoding}')


if __name__ == '__main__':
    test = FileDiaLogDemo()
    test.get_save_file()

测试结果（参考）：

文件的名称：C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/Temp/3.txt
文件的模式：w
文件的编码：cp936

2 目录

2.1 获取目录名称：askdirectory()

import tkinter
from tkinter import filedialog


class FileDiaLogDemo(object):
    def __init__(self):
        window = tkinter.Tk()
        window.withdraw()  # 不显示窗体

    def get_directory_name(self):
        # 获取单个目录名称（绝对路径）
        directory = filedialog.askdirectory()

        print(directory)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    test = FileDiaLogDemo()
    test.get_directory_name()

测试结果（参考）：

C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/Temp/01