DevOps系列文章 : 使用dpkg命令打deb包

创建一个打包的目录，类似rpmbuild，这里创建了目录deb_build

mkdir  deb_build

目标

我有一个hello的二进制文件hello和源码hello.c, 准备安装到/opt/helloworld目录中

步骤

1. 在deb_build目录创建一个文件夹用于存放我的安装文件

mkdir helloworld

1. 在helloworld文件里创建DEBIAN文件夹和opt文件夹
2. 在DEBIAN文件夹创建一个文件control
3. 在opt文件夹新建一个helloworld文件夹，存放上hello和hello.c，如下

$ tree helloworld/
helloworld/
├── DEBIAN
│   └── control
└── opt
    └── helloworld
        ├── hello
        └── hello.c
 
3 directories, 3 files

control文件类似rpm的spec文件，包含deb的包信息

只要把想安装的文件写到对应目录就可以安装到对应的系统目录

这里描述一个最简易的control文件

Package: helloworld
Description: my deb test
Maintainer: username <user@mail.com>
Version: 0.1
Architecture: all

1. 回到deb_build目录，执行dpkg -b helloworld即可在当前目录生成deb包

$ dpkg -b helloworld
dpkg-deb: building package 'hello' in 'helloworld.deb'.

也可以指定dpkg -b hellorld hellorld-0.1-all.deb

$ dpkg -b helloworld helloworld-0.1-all.deb
dpkg-deb: building package 'helloworld' in 'helloworld-0.1-all.deb'.

1. 观看deb包的信息

查看包的字段信息:
$ dpkg -f helloworld-0.1-all.deb 
Package: helloworld
Description: my deb test
Maintainer: WangLin <email@163.com>
Version: 0.1
Architecture: all
查看deb包的详细信息:
$ dpkg -I helloworld-0.1-all.deb 
 new Debian package, version 2.0.
 size 2804 bytes: control archive=296 bytes.
     112 bytes,     5 lines      control              
 Package: helloworld
 Description: my deb test
 Maintainer: WangLin <email@163.com>
 Version: 0.1
 Architecture: all
查看deb包中的文件列表：
$ dpkg -c helloworld-0.1-all.deb
drwxrwxr-x wanglin/wanglin   0 2023-01-11 07:51 ./
drwxrwxr-x wanglin/wanglin   0 2023-01-11 07:54 ./opt/
drwxrwxr-x wanglin/wanglin   0 2023-01-11 07:54 ./opt/helloworld/
-rwxrwxr-x wanglin/wanglin 8304 2023-01-11 07:53 ./opt/helloworld/hello
-rw-rw-r-- wanglin/wanglin  100 2023-01-11 07:53 ./opt/helloworld/hello.c

1. 安装打好的deb包

$ sudo dpkg -i helloworld-0.1-all.deb 
Selecting previously unselected package helloworld.
(Reading database ... 208913 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack helloworld-0.1-all.deb ...
Unpacking helloworld (0.1) ...
Setting up helloworld (0.1) ...

此时/opt/helloworld/hello和hello.c 就安装在/opt/helloworld目录下了

检测安装效果

• 查看包安装

$ dpkg -l helloworld
Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold
| Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend
|/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad)
||/ Name                    Version          Architecture     Description
+++-=======================-================-================-===================================================
ii  helloworld              0.1              all              my deb test

• 检测/opt/helloworld目录

$ ls /opt/helloworld/
hello  hello.c

$ sudo /opt/helloworld/hello
hello world

• 查看包的安装信息

$ dpkg -s helloworld
Package: helloworld
Status: install ok installed
Maintainer: WangLin <email@163.com>
Architecture: all
Version: 0.1
Description: my deb test

• 查看/var/lib/dpkg/status中的记录

$ cat /var/lib/dpkg/status|grep helloworld -A 5
Package: helloworld
Status: install ok installed
Maintainer: WangLin <email@163.com>
Architecture: all
Version: 0.1
Description: my deb test

• 查看deb包安装了哪些文件

$ dpkg -L helloworld
/.
/opt
/opt/helloworld
/opt/helloworld/hello
/opt/helloworld/hello.c