MySQL第四战：视图以及常见面试题（上）

2024-01-07 17:12:21

一.视图

1.介绍什么是视图

2.视图的语法

随着数字化时代的飞速发展，数据库技术，特别是MySQL，已经成为IT领域中不可或缺的一环。从简单的数据存储到复杂的数据分析，从个人博客到大型企业的核心系统，MySQL都在背后默默地发挥着作用。而在这不断演变的过程中，我们对于MySQL的了解和掌握也需要与时俱进。

在之前的博客中，我们已经探讨了MySQL的许多基础和进阶功能。但今天，我们要深入到一个经常被忽视，但又非常重要的主题——视图（View）。视图在数据库中起到了一个非常特殊的角色，它能够简化复杂的查询操作，提高数据的安全性，并帮助我们更好地组织和理解数据。

此外，为了更好地服务我们的读者，这篇博客还将涉及到一些常见的MySQL面试题。通过解答这些问题，我们不仅能够测试和巩固自己的知识，还能为即将参加面试的朋友们提供一些参考和启示。

在接下来的篇幅中，我们将深入探讨视图的创建、使用和优化，以及解答那些常常在面试中出现的关于MySQL的疑问。希望通过这次的学习，你能对MySQL有更深入的理解和掌握。

准备好了吗？让我们开始这次的探索之旅！

一.视图

1.介绍什么是视图

虚拟表，和普通表一样使用

2.视图的语法

语法讲解

创建视图

create view 视图名 as 查询语句 ;

视图修改

#方式一
create  or  replace view 视图名
as
查询语句;

#方式二
alert  view  视图名
as
查询语句;

删除视图

drop view 视图名

查看视图

#查看视图相关字段
desc 视图名;
#查看视图相关语句
show  create  view 视图名;

实例操作?

创建视图

CREATE  VIEW v_su  as
SELECT   s.*,sc.cid,sc.score
FROM
	t_mysql_student s,
	t_mysql_score sc 
WHERE
	s.sid = sc.sid;

修改视图

	ALTER VIEW v_su  as
SELECT   s.*,sc.cid,sc.score
FROM
	t_mysql_student s,
	t_mysql_score sc 
WHERE
	s.sid = sc.sid

CREATE or REPLACE  VIEW v_zx  as
SELECT   s.*,sc.cid,sc.score
FROM
	t_mysql_student s,
	t_mysql_score sc 
WHERE
	s.sid = sc.sid;

查看视图?

desc  v_sU

SHOW  CREATE  view v_su

二.MySQL面试题

1.SQL脚本

/*
 Navicat Premium Data Transfer

 Source Server         : localhost
 Source Server Type    : MySQL
 Source Server Version : 80018
 Source Host           : localhost:3306
 Source Schema         : mybatis_ssm

 Target Server Type    : MySQL
 Target Server Version : 80018
 File Encoding         : 65001

 Date: 04/07/2023 23:53:33
*/

SET NAMES utf8mb4;
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 0;

-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for t_mysql_course
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `t_mysql_course`;
CREATE TABLE `t_mysql_course`  (
  `cid` varchar(20) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '课程编号',
  `cname` varchar(20) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '课程名称',
  `tid` varchar(20) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '教师编号',
  PRIMARY KEY (`cid`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = InnoDB CHARACTER SET = utf8mb4 COLLATE = utf8mb4_general_ci COMMENT = '课程信息表' ROW_FORMAT = Dynamic;

-- ----------------------------
-- Records of t_mysql_course
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `t_mysql_course` VALUES ('01', '语文', '02');
INSERT INTO `t_mysql_course` VALUES ('02', '数学', '01');
INSERT INTO `t_mysql_course` VALUES ('03', '英语', '03');

-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for t_mysql_score
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `t_mysql_score`;
CREATE TABLE `t_mysql_score`  (
  `sid` varchar(20) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '学生编号，外键',
  `cid` varchar(20) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '课程编号，外键',
  `score` float NULL DEFAULT 0 COMMENT '成绩',
  INDEX `sid`(`sid`) USING BTREE,
  INDEX `cid`(`cid`) USING BTREE,
  CONSTRAINT `t_mysql_score_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`sid`) REFERENCES `t_mysql_student` (`sid`) ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT,
  CONSTRAINT `t_mysql_score_ibfk_2` FOREIGN KEY (`cid`) REFERENCES `t_mysql_course` (`cid`) ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT
) ENGINE = InnoDB CHARACTER SET = utf8mb4 COLLATE = utf8mb4_general_ci COMMENT = '成绩信息表' ROW_FORMAT = Dynamic;

-- ----------------------------
-- Records of t_mysql_score
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `t_mysql_score` VALUES ('01', '01', 80);
INSERT INTO `t_mysql_score` VALUES ('01', '02', 90);
INSERT INTO `t_mysql_score` VALUES ('01', '03', 99);
INSERT INTO `t_mysql_score` VALUES ('02', '01', 70);
INSERT INTO `t_mysql_score` VALUES ('02', '02', 60);
INSERT INTO `t_mysql_score` VALUES ('02', '03', 80);
INSERT INTO `t_mysql_score` VALUES ('03', '01', 80);
INSERT INTO `t_mysql_score` VALUES ('03', '02', 80);
INSERT INTO `t_mysql_score` VALUES ('03', '03', 80);
INSERT INTO `t_mysql_score` VALUES ('04', '01', 50);
INSERT INTO `t_mysql_score` VALUES ('04', '02', 30);
INSERT INTO `t_mysql_score` VALUES ('04', '03', 20);
INSERT INTO `t_mysql_score` VALUES ('05', '01', 76);
INSERT INTO `t_mysql_score` VALUES ('05', '02', 87);
INSERT INTO `t_mysql_score` VALUES ('06', '01', 31);
INSERT INTO `t_mysql_score` VALUES ('06', '03', 34);
INSERT INTO `t_mysql_score` VALUES ('07', '02', 89);
INSERT INTO `t_mysql_score` VALUES ('07', '03', 98);

-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for t_mysql_student
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `t_mysql_student`;
CREATE TABLE `t_mysql_student`  (
  `sid` varchar(20) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '学生编号',
  `sname` varchar(20) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '学生名称',
  `sage` varchar(20) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '学生年龄',
  `ssex` varchar(20) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '学生性别',
  PRIMARY KEY (`sid`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = InnoDB CHARACTER SET = utf8mb4 COLLATE = utf8mb4_general_ci COMMENT = '学生信息表' ROW_FORMAT = Dynamic;

-- ----------------------------
-- Records of t_mysql_student
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `t_mysql_student` VALUES ('01', '赵雷', '1990-01-01', '男');
INSERT INTO `t_mysql_student` VALUES ('02', '钱电', '1990-12-21', '男');
INSERT INTO `t_mysql_student` VALUES ('03', '孙风', '1990-12-20', '男');
INSERT INTO `t_mysql_student` VALUES ('04', '李云', '1990-12-06', '男');
INSERT INTO `t_mysql_student` VALUES ('05', '周梅', '1991-12-01', '女');
INSERT INTO `t_mysql_student` VALUES ('06', '吴兰', '1992-01-01', '女');
INSERT INTO `t_mysql_student` VALUES ('07', '郑竹', '1989-01-01', '女');
INSERT INTO `t_mysql_student` VALUES ('09', '张三', '2017-12-20', '女');
INSERT INTO `t_mysql_student` VALUES ('10', '李四', '2017-12-25', '女');
INSERT INTO `t_mysql_student` VALUES ('11', '李四', '2012-06-06', '女');
INSERT INTO `t_mysql_student` VALUES ('12', '赵六', '2013-06-13', '女');
INSERT INTO `t_mysql_student` VALUES ('13', '孙七', '2014-06-01', '女');

-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for t_mysql_teacher
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `t_mysql_teacher`;
CREATE TABLE `t_mysql_teacher`  (
  `tid` varchar(20) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '教师编号',
  `tname` varchar(20) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '教师名称',
  PRIMARY KEY (`tid`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = InnoDB CHARACTER SET = utf8mb4 COLLATE = utf8mb4_general_ci COMMENT = '教师信息表' ROW_FORMAT = Dynamic;

-- ----------------------------
-- Records of t_mysql_teacher
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `t_mysql_teacher` VALUES ('01', '张三');
INSERT INTO `t_mysql_teacher` VALUES ('02', '李四');
INSERT INTO `t_mysql_teacher` VALUES ('03', '王五');

SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 1;

2.面试题实战

1.查询" 01 "课程比" 02 "课程成绩高的学生的信息及课程分数
#考察内容：联表查询 ?内连接所需表:t_mysql_student t_mysql_score

SELECT
	s.*,
	( CASE WHEN t1.cid = '01' THEN t1.score END ) 语文,
	( CASE WHEN t2.cid = '02' THEN t2.score END ) 数学 
FROM
	t_mysql_student s,
	( SELECT * FROM t_mysql_score WHERE cid = '01' ) t1,
	( SELECT * FROM t_mysql_score WHERE cid = '02' ) t2 
WHERE
	s.sid = t1.sid 
	AND t1.sid = t2.sid 
	AND t1.score > t2.score

2. 查询同时存在" 01 "课程和" 02 "课程的情况

SELECT
	s.*,
	( CASE WHEN t1.cid = '01' THEN t1.score END ) 语文,
	( CASE WHEN t2.cid = '02' THEN t2.score END ) 数学 
FROM
	t_mysql_student s,
	( SELECT * FROM t_mysql_score WHERE cid = '01' ) t1,
	( SELECT * FROM t_mysql_score WHERE cid = '02' ) t2 
WHERE
	s.sid = t1.sid 
	AND t1.sid = t2.sid

?03）查询存在" 01 "课程但可能不存在" 02 "课程的情况(不存在时显示为 null )
#外连接

SELECT * from
( SELECT * FROM t_mysql_score WHERE cid = '01' ) t1
LEFT   JOIN
( SELECT * FROM t_mysql_score WHERE cid = '02' ) t2 
on  t1.sid=t2.sid

04）查询不存在" 01 "课程但存在" 02 "课程的情况
#子查询??

	SELECT
	* 
FROM
	t_mysql_student s,
	t_mysql_score sc 
WHERE
	s.sid = sc.sid 
	AND s.sid NOT IN ( SELECT sid FROM t_mysql_score WHERE cid = '01' ) 
	AND sc.cid = '02'

05）查询平均成绩大于等于 60 分的同学的学生编号和学生姓名和平均成绩
#聚合函数=》分组 ?外连接?

SELECT
	s.sid,
	s.sname,
	ROUND( AVG( sc.score ) ) 分数 
FROM
	t_mysql_student s
	LEFT JOIN t_mysql_score sc ON s.sid = sc.sid 
GROUP BY
	s.sid,
	s.sname 
HAVING
	分数 >= 60

06）查询在t_mysql_score表存在成绩的学生信息?

SELECT
	s.sid,
	s.sname
FROM
	t_mysql_student s
	INNER JOIN t_mysql_score sc ON s.sid = sc.sid 
GROUP BY
	s.sid,
	s.sname

?07）查询所有同学的学生编号、学生姓名、选课总数、所有课程的总成绩(没成绩的显示为 null )
#考核点聚合函数外连接

SELECT
	s.sid,
	s.sname,
	COUNT( sc.cid ),
	SUM( sc.score ) 
FROM
	t_mysql_score sc,
	t_mysql_student s 
WHERE
	sc.sid = s.sid 
GROUP BY
	s.sid,
	s.sname

08）查询「李」姓老师的数量?

select count(*) from t_mysql_teacher where tname like '李%'

三.思维导图

文章来源:https://blog.csdn.net/lz17267861157/article/details/135425893
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MySQL第四战：视图以及常见面试题（上）

目录：

一.视图

1.介绍什么是视图

2.视图的语法

语法讲解

实例操作?

二.MySQL面试题

1.SQL脚本

2.面试题实战

三.思维导图